Table 2.

Cellular Origin and Size of EVs Extracted From Human Valves

	Aortic Stenosis	Aortic Regurgitation	P Value
Leukocytes, CD11a+	5.9 ± 1.5 (22)	4.5 ± 2 (8)	0.61
Platelets, GPIb+	1.3 ± 0.50∗∗∗ (22)	0.18 ± 0.18 (8)	<0.001
Erythrocytes, CD235a+	1.6 ± 0.57∗∗∗ (22)	0.18 ± 0.18 (8)	<0.001
ECs, CD31+	2.4 ± 0.48 (22)	2.7 ± 0.87 (8)	0.73
Activated ECs, CD105+	25.5 ± 3.5 (22)	26.5 ± 3.1 (8)	0.08
Size, nm	145.2 ± 3.3 (8)	149.3 ± 3.2 (7)	0.82
Prothrombinase activity, nmol/L/mg of tissue	182.3 ± 12.5∗ (65)	122 ± 16 (13)	0.03

Values are mean ± SEM (n). Extracellular vesicles (EVs) cell origin was determined after capture onto specific antibodies and quantification by prothrombinase assay. Data are of n = 22 (aortic stenosis), n = 8 (aortic regurgitation) for immunocapture experiments, n = 8 (aortic stenosis), n = 7 (aortic regurgitation) for EVs sizing experiments, and n = 65 (aortic stenosis), n = 13 (aortic regurgitation) for prothrombinase activity. The between-group values were compared using Student’s unpaired t-test. ∗<0.05; ∗∗∗<0.001.

ECs = endothelial cells.