Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics for Patients who Received Tranexamic Acid (TXA) and Did Not Receive TXA.
| Characteristic | Received TXA N = 164 | Did Not Receive TXA N = 88 | Combined | P Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, y (mean ± SD) | 62.7 ± 10.5 | 62.9 ± 11.9 | 62.7 ± 11.0 | 0.72 |
| Female, n (%) | 141 (86.5) | 68 (77.3) | 209 (83.3) | 0.06 |
| BMI, (mean ± SD) | 29.5 ± 7.1 | 28.8 ± 6.2 | 29.3 ± 6.8 | 0.62 |
| RA Duration (mean ± SD) | 13.4 ± 11.9 | 15.3 ± 12.2 | 14.1 ± 12.0 | 0.22 |
| Type of surgery, n (%) | 0.01 | |||
| TKA | 105 (64.0) | 41 (46.6) | 146 (57.9) | |
| THA | 59 (36.0) | 47 (53.4) | 106 (42.1) | |
| Race, n (%) | 0.95 | |||
| White | 122 (74.4) | 64 (72.7) | 186 (73.8) | |
| Black | 18 (11.0) | 9 (10.2) | 27 (10.7) | |
| Asian | 4 (2.4) | 2 (2.3) | 6 (2.4) | |
| Other | 20 (12.2) | 13 (14.8) | 33 (2.4) | |
| Smoking, n (%) | 77 (54.6) | 38 (46.3) | 115 (51.6) | 0.23 |
| Education, n (%) | 0.51 | |||
| Less than College | 18 (12.9) | 13 (16.1) | 31 (14.0) | |
| College or above | 122 (87.1) | 68 (84.0) | 190 (86.0) | |
| Employment, n (%) | 0.34 | |||
| Employed | 58 (41.7) | 26 (32.1) | 84 (38.2) | |
| Unemployed, Disabled, or Retired | 75 (54.0) | 50 (61.7) | 125 (56.8) | |
| Other | 6 (4.3) | 5 (6.2) | 11 (5.0) | |
| Ethnicity, n (%) | 0.67 | |||
| Hispanic or Latino | 10 (6.7) | 8 (9.6) | 18 (7.7) | |
| Not Hispanic or Latino | 137 (91.3) | 74 (89.2) | 211 (90.6) | |
| Do not wish to answer | 3 (2.0) | 1 (1.2) | 4 (1.7) | |
| Criteria, n (%) | 0.09 | |||
| Meet both criteria | 73 (46.5) | 28 (38.4) | 101 (43.9) | |
| 1987 | 19 (12.1) | 13 (17.8) | 32 (13.9) | |
| 2010 | 41 (26.1) | 13 (17.8) | 54 (23.5) | |
| Does not meet criteria | 24 (15.3) | 19 (26.0) | 43 (18.7) | |
| Medication, n (%) | ||||
| NSAIDs | 94 (61.8) | 41 (48.8) | 135 (57.2) | 0.06 |
| Steroids | 56 (35.9) | 31 (36.5) | 87 (36.1) | 0.93 |
| Methotrexate | 74 (47.4) | 43 (51.2) | 117 (48.8) | 0.58 |
| DMARD | 45 (29.0) | 25 (29.8) | 70 (29.3) | 0.91 |
| Opioids | 57 (37.0) | 31 (36.9) | 88 (37.0) | 0.98 |
| Biologic | 86 (55.5) | 42 (50.0) | 128 (53.6) | 0.42 |
| Preop hemoglobin, g/dL (mean ± SD) | 12.6 ± 1.4 | 13.1 ± 1.9 | 12.8 ± 1.5 | 0.01 |
| Platelet count (mean ± SD) | 271.8 ± 76.6 | 256.0 ± 78.3 | 268.0 ± 77.1 | 0.19 |
| Hx of previous transfusion, n (%) | 5 (3.1) | 4 (5.8) | 9 (3.9) | 0.46 |
| Hx of DVT, n (%) | 5 (3.1) | 6 (8.7) | 11 (4.7) | 0.09 |
| Hx of PE, n (%) | 2 (1.2) | 2 (2.9) | 4 (1.7) | 0.58 |
| Hx of CVA, n (%) | 7 (4.3) | 3 (4.4) | 10 (4.3) | 0.98 |
| Hx of stroke, n (%) | 4 (2.4) | 3 (4.4) | 7 (3.0) | 0.43 |
| Hx of malignancy, n (%) | 15 (9.2) | 6 (8.7) | 21 (9.0) | 0.91 |
| Hx of hormone therapy, n (%) | 16 (9.8) | 4 (5.8) | 20 (8.6) | 0.32 |
| History of myocardial infraction, n (%) | 2 (1.2) | 0 (0) | 2 (0.9) | 1 |
| Estimated blood loss, mL (mean ± SD) | 190.3 ± 68.7 | 183.6 ± 52.9 | 188.8 ± 65.3 | 0.93 |
| IV TXA dose (mean ± SD) | 986.8 ± 74.1 | - | 986.8 ± 74.1 | - |
| Topical TXA dose (mean ± SD) | 2928.6 ± 323.3 | - | 2928.6 ± 323.3 | - |
| Surgery duration, min (mean ± SD) | 93.8 ± 31.0 | 86.7 ± 39.2 | 92.4 ± 32.8 | 0.01 |
| Post op transfusion needed?, Yes n (%) | 23 (14.0) | 3 (4.4) | 26 (11.2) | 0.03 |
| Indication, n (%) | ||||
| Hemoglobin <7 | 5 (3.1) | 0 (0) | 5 (2.0) | 0.17 |
| Hemoglobin <8 | 12 (7.3) | 0 (0) | 12 (4.8) | 0.01 |
| Hypotensive | 0 (0) | 3 (3.4) | 3 (1.2) | 0.04 |
| Extensive surgical blood loss | 2 (1.2) | 0 (0) | 2 (0.8) | 0.54 |
| Fatigue | 2 (1.2) | 0 (0) | 2 (0.8) | 0.54 |
| MDHAQ, (mean ± SD) | 3.8 ± 1.8 | 3.8 ± 1.7 | 3.8 ± 1.7 | 0.98 |
| DAS28 – ESR, (mean ± SD) | 3.8 ± 1.3 | 3.5 ± 1.2 | 3.7 ± 1.3 | 0.21 |
| CDAI, (mean ± SD) | 18.7 ± 11.5 | 17.8 ± 9.4 | 18.4 ± 10.9 | 0.86 |
| ESR result (mean ± SD) | 20.5 ± 18.8 | 20.4 ± 21.5 | 20.4 ± 19.7 | 0.29 |
| CRP result (mean ± SD) | 1.6 ± 2.3 | 1.9 ± 2.9 | 1.7 ± 2.5 | 0.62 |
| CCP raw (mean ± SD) | 199.3 ± 393.8 | 134.8 ± 101.8 | 178.2 ± 329.1 | 0.09 |
| RF raw (mean ± SD) | 345.6 ± 558.9 | 404.6 ± 719.6 | 362.5 ± 605.9 | 0.94 |
| Pain score at baseline (mean ± SD) | 40.3 ± 20.6 | 40.3 ± 19.2 | 40.3 ± 20.1 | 0.82 |
| Function score at baseline (mean ± SD) | 45.8 ± 22.1 | 47.0 ± 19.4 | 46.2 ± 21.1 | 0.69 |
| Length of stay (mean ± SD) | 83.3 ± 40.2 | 78.8 ± 28.3 | 81.8 ± 36.7 | 0.62 |
BMI, body mass index; RA, rheumatoid arthritis; TXA, Tranexamic acid; DVT, deep vein thrombosis; PE, pulmonary embolism; CVA, cerebrovascular accident; CRP, C-reactive protein; ESR, erythrocyte sedimentation rate; CDAI, Clinical Disease Activity Index; MDHAQ, Multidimensional Health Assessment Questionnaire; DAS, Disease Activity Score; DMARDs, disease modifying antirheumatic drugs; THA, total hip arthroplasty; TKA, total knee arthroplasty; CCP, cyclic citrullinated peptide; RF, rheumatoid factor; NSAID, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug.