Fig. 9.

Connectivity Map of the exclusively downstream relationships of the 14 molecules that are affected by nicotine exposure and influence HAD pathology with their connection to Cell Death of Neuroglia (pathology of HAD). These intermediary molecules are interconnected between themselves to simulate reciprocal relationships (upstream and downstream) that molecules within the human body likely experience. (a) This figure indicates that nicotine can be neuroprotective and prevent the worsening of HAD through the neural cell damage/death pathology pathway if the reciprocal pathways of the 5 HAD associated pathology molecules to the intermediary molecules are inhibited. (b) This figure indicates that nicotine can be neuroprotective and prevent the worsening of HAD through the neuroinflammation pathway if one of the 17 specific pathways are inactivated. For a list of the 17 possible molecular pathways to inactivate, see Table 1 where the molecules are labeled with a (^b)