. 2024 Aug 20;132(8):086001. doi: 10.1289/EHP14341

Table 5.

Summary of results reported by papers analyzing the residential dampness and/or mold exposure and mental health association in parents. Studies ( $lowercase italic n equals 3$ ) were included if they analyzed the dampness/mold–mental health association in parents in a normal life context (i.e., not in the context of flooding or other natural disasters).

Study ID	Exposure	Outcome	Adjustments	Results	Direction of association
Butler 2003³²	Dampness and mold	Postnatal depression	Sociodemographic factors	$odds ratio equals 1.4$ (95% CI: 1.02, 1.91; $lowercase italic p less than 0.05$ )	Positive
Groot 2022³⁶	Parental affective disorders	Mold in child’s bedroom	—	$lowercase italic p less than 0.001$	Positive
Groot 2022³⁶	Parental affective disorders	Mold in other rooms	—	$lowercase italic p less than 0.001$	Positive
Paterson 2018⁴⁶	Damp	Maternal psychological distress	—	$odds ratio equals 1.62$ (95% CI: 1.08, 2.43; $lowercase italic p less than 0.05$ )	Positive
Paterson 2018⁴⁶	Damp	Maternal psychological distress	Sociodemographic factors, housing factors, mental health factors	$odds ratio equals 1.09$ (95% CI: 0.65, 1.83; $lowercase italic p greater than or equal to 0.05$ )	Unclear/crosses the null

Note: —, no data; CI, confidence interval; MD, mean difference; OR, odds ratio.