Table 2.

Results of mixed effects models.

	Positive vaccine mindset			Vaccine efficacy mindset			Vaccine body-response mindset			Vaccine side effects mindset
Outcome	β	SE	p	β	SE	p	β	SE	p	β	SE	p
Antibody response	0.06	0.04	0.126	0.05	0.03	0.116	0.05	0.03	0.058	0.05	0.02	0.021
Side effects	−0.20	0.06	<0.001	−0.10	0.05	0.048	−0.16	0.04	<0.001	0.02	0.03	0.552
Vaccine-related anxiety	−1.04	0.07	<0.001	−0.44	0.05	<0.001	−0.45	0.04	<0.001	−0.05	0.04	0.127
Stress	−0.22	0.04	<0.001	−0.12	0.03	<0.001	−0.09	0.03	<0.001	−0.10	0.02	<0.001
Sadness	−0.16	0.04	<0.001	−0.08	0.03	<0.001	−0.07	0.02	0.002	−0.04	0.02	0.022
Happiness	0.32	0.05	<0.001	0.11	0.03	0.001	0.12	0.03	<0.001	0.05	0.02	0.015

Notes: Unstandardized betas, standard error, and p values are reported for the main effects for each of the four mindsets. Mixed-effects models for antibody response controlled for timepoint (after month 1 and month 6 following the initial vaccine series), vaccine type (Janssen/Johnson & Johnson, Moderna, Pfizer/BioNTech), the timepoint by vaccine type interaction, baseline anti-spike IgG, age, sex, BMI, and smoking status. For side effects, a Poisson regression controlled for time of dose (Dose 1 vs. Dose 2), vaccine type, and optimism. For vaccine-related anxiety, a mixed-effects model was used for the time of dose (Dose 1 vs. Dose 2), vaccine type, and optimism. For general stress, sadness, and happiness across the 0–5 days, the mixed effects models controlled for interaction with day, time of dose (Dose 1 vs. Dose 2), vaccine type, time of day (morning vs. evening), and optimism. Significant findings at the p ≤ 0.05 level are bolded.