Table 3.

Subspecialties covered in 151 retracted articles in the field of ophthalmology.

Ophthalmic Subspeciality	Specific eye structures/conditions targeted	Examples of conditions included	Number of Articles Retracted
			No. (%)
Ocular Oncology	Ocular tumours	Retinoblastoma, primary/metastatic ocular malignancies, adnexal ocular tumours	37 (24.5)
Posterior Segment	Retina, vitreous, choroid	Age-related macular degeneration, retinal detachment	37 (24.5)
Ocular Surface	Cornea, conjunctiva	Keratitis, conjunctivitis, episcleritis	17 (11.3)
Anterior Segment	Iris, lens, anterior chamber, trabecular meshwork	Cataracts, glaucoma	16 (10.6)
Paediatrics	Conditions specific to children	Amblyopia, paediatric strabismus	12 (7.9)
Oculoplastics	Eyelids, lacrimal conducts, orbit	Grave's orbitopathy, orbital fractures, eyelid malpositioning	9 (6.0)
Neuro-ophthalmology	Optic nerve, optic pathway	Optic neuropathy, papilledema, adult strabismus	8 (5.3)
Ocular inflammation/immunology	Uvea, inflammatory conditions	Uveitis, endophthalmitis, scleritis	8 (5.3)
Refractive	Refractive error correction	Myopia, hyperopia, astigmatism, presbyopia	4 (2.6)
Other			3 (2.0)