Figure 4.

Immunophenotyping and high-dimensional analysis of platelets in fast-progressive aortic stenosis (FP-AS). A, Plasmatic inflammatory cytokines/chemokines in slow-progressive aortic stenosis (SP-AS; n=98) and FP-AS (n=95). B, Platelets in flow cytometry of SP-AS (n=142) and FP-AS (n=150) showing platelet count, median CD41/CD31, and frequency of CD62P⁺/MIF⁺. C, Platelet subpopulations determined by PhenoGraph algorithm for unsupervised clustering of patient samples (n=270). Left plot represents an overlay of platelets from SP-AS and FP-AS followed by individual plots of platelets from SP-AS and FP-AS of all clusters. The lower row shows only significantly different clusters. D, Clustered heatmap of significant different clusters P35, P38, P24, P03, and P06 from C shows median expression of indicated markers of SP-AS compared with FP-AS. Abundancy of cells in each cluster for each patient is shown as box plots stratified into SP-AS and FP-AS. Plots were generated using the OMIQ data analysis software. MIF indicates macrophage migration inhibitory factor; and umap, uniform manifold approximation and projection.