Fig. 1.

PNPs are induced from iPSCs by adding dorsomorphin. (a). The timeline of pyramidal cell differentiation procedure. Dorsomorphin or Noggin was added from day 0 to day 16 during differentiation. (b). The morphology of cells changed as iPSCs were differentiated to pyramidal neurons at different time points (scale bar, 100 μm). (c). Expression of markers of PNPs on differentiation day 40 and 54 with addition of different concentrations of Dorsomorphin or Noggin (Tuj1, green; TBR1/CTIP2/CUX1/SATB2, red; bar, 50 μm). (d). The relative expression of four transcription factors in PNPs on day 54 under different induction conditions. Data were expressed as mean ± SD (n = 4 for each group) (*P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001; Dorso, Dorsomorphin)