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. 2024 Jun 7;81(1):250. doi: 10.1007/s00018-024-05286-0

Table 1.

Proteins identified with redox post-translational modifications (PTMs) involved in ER-mitochondria communication

Protein Subcellular localization Biological process Redox related PTMs References
ACO Mitochondria TCA cycle Redox regulation of Cys residues in regulating Fe-S clusters [271]
AKT Mitochondria Mit. Survival Disulphide between Cys297 and Cys311 [272]
ANT Mitochondria mPTP Disulphide between Cys160 and Cys257 [273]
ATF6 ER UPRER Inter and intramolecular disulphides in luminal domain (Cys467 and Cys618) [274]
ATF6 ER UPRER ATF6α disulphide reduction during ER stress, by PDIA5 [87]
CAC Mitochondria TCA cycle Glutathionylation of Cys136 and Cys155 [275]
Complex I, 75-kDa subunit Mitochondria ETC Glutathionylation of Cys531 and Cys704 [276]
Complex I, ND3 Mitochondria ETC Functional redox switch Cys39 exposed in inactive state [277]
Complex II, 70-kDa subunit Mitochondria ETC, TCA cycle Redox regulation of Cys90, by S-glutathionylation [278]
Complex V, α-subunit Mitochondria ETC Functional redox regulation by of Cys294 [279]
Complex V, α-subunit and γ-subunit Mitochondria ETC Functional redox regulation by disulphide bond between Cys294 and Cys103 [279]
CYP-D Mitochondria mPTP Functional redox regulation of Cys203 [280]
DNAJA1 Cytosol UPRmt Redox modifications of Cys149 and Cys150 [281]
DRP1 Mitochondria, MAMs Mit. dynamics Functional redox regulation of Cys644 [282]
ERO1α ER, MAMs Oxidative folding, MERCS Cys94-Cys99 disulphide bond [283]
ERO1β ER Oxidative folding Cys90-Cys95 disulphide bond [283]
ERp72 ER Oxidative folding Cys-X-X-Cys motif in catalytic site [284]
ERp57 ER Oxidative folding Cys-X-X-Cys motif in catalytic site [284]
IRE1α ER UPRER Oxidation of conserved Cys605, Cys630, Cys715 and Cys951 [91, 285]
IRE1α ER UPRER IRE1α Cys148 and Cys332 involved in disulphide bonds [286]
IRE1α ER UPRER

Disulphide between IRE1α

Cys148 & PDIA6 Cys residue, regulates IRE1α dephosphorylation

 [86]
GPx7 ER Oxidative folding Peroxidatic Cys57 and Resolving CysCys87 [287]
GPx8 ER Oxidative folding Peroxidatic Cys79 and Resolving Cys108 [288]
GRP78 ER UPRER GPx7 activation by disulphide bond Cys41-Cys420 [289]
IDH Mitochondria TCA cycle

Inactivation by glutathionylation

of Cys269

 [290]
IP3R1 ER, MAMs Ca2+ Signalling, MERCS Functional redox regulation of Cys206 and Cys214 (cytosolic suppressor domain), Cys1394 and 5 basally oxidised Cys [291]
MCU Mitochondria, MAMs Ca2+ Signalling, MERCS Redox regulation of Cys97 [292]
MFN1 Mitochondria, MAMs Mit. dynamics, MERCS Redox regulation by disulphide bond between MFN1 and MFN2-Cys684 [293]
MFN2 Mitochondria, MAMs Mit. dynamics, MERCS Redox regulation by disulphide bond between MFN1 and MFN2-Cys684 [293]
MID49/51 Mitochondria, MAMs Mit. dynamics, MERCS Functional redox regulation by oligomerisation [294]
ODH Mitochondria TCA cycle Functional redox regulation by sulfenylation, sulfinylation, and S-glutathionylation [295]
PDH Mitochondria TCA cycle Functional redox regulation of Cys residue [296]
PDI ER Oxidative folding Cys-X-X-Cys motif in catalytic site [284]
PERK ER, MAMs UPRER, MERCS PDIA6, PDI and ERp57 are involved in the redox regulation of PERK, likely involves disulphide bond formation [86, 89]
PERK ER, MAMs MERCS Redox regulation of PERK-ERO1⍺ in MAMs requires PERK Cys216 [90]
PRDX3 Mitochondria Antioxidant Response Peroxidatic Cys47 and Resolving Cys168 [297]
PRDX4 ER Oxidative folding Peroxidatic Cys127 and Resolving Cys248 [298]
PRDX5 Mitochondria Antioxidant Response Peroxidatic Cys48 and Resolving Cys152 [299]
PTEN Mitochondria Mitophagy Disulphide bond Cys71-Cys124 [300]
QSOX ER Oxidative folding Cys-X-X-Cys motif in the catalytic site [301]
RyR1 ER, MAMs Ca2+ Signalling, MERCS Functional redox regulation of Cys253, Cys1040, and Cy1303 and others endogenously modified [302]
SERCA ER Ca2+ Signalling Functional redox regulation of Cys674 [303]
VDAC1 Mitochondria, MAMs Ca2+ Signalling, MERCS Redox sensitive Cys127 & Cys232 [304]
VKOR ER Oxidative folding Cys-X-X-Cys motif in catalytic site [305]

ACO Aconitase, B-AKT protein kinase, ANT adenine nucleotide translocator, 6-ATF6 activating transcription factor, CAC carnitine/acylcarnitine carrier, Complex I, 75-kDa subunit; Complex I, ND3; Complex II, 70-kDa subunit; Complex V, α-subunit; Complex V, γ-subunit; D-CYP-D, cyclophilin, DNAJA1 DnaJ hsp40 family member A1, DRP1 dynamin-related protein 1, ERO1a endoplasmic reticulum oxidoreductase 1 alpha, ERO1b endoplasmic reticulum oxidoreductase 1 beta, ERp72 protein disulphide isomerase family A, member 4; ERp57 protein disulphide isomerase family A, member 3, IRE1a inositol-requiring enzyme type 1 alpha, 7-GPx7 glutathione peroxidase, 8-GPx8 glutathione peroxidase, 78-GRP78 glucose-regulated protein, IDH isocitrate dehydrogenase, IP3R1 inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type1, MCU mitocondrial calcium uniporter, 1-MFN1 mitofusin; 2-MFN2 mitofusin, MID49/51 mitochondrial dynamics protein49/51, ODH 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase, PDH pyruvate dehydrogenase, PDI protein disulfide isomerase, PERK protein kinase RNA-like ER kinase, 3-PRDX3 peroxiredoxin, 4-PRDX4 peroxiredoxin, 5-PRDX5 peroxiredoxin, PTEN phosphatase and tensin homolog, QSOX quiescin sulfhydryl oxidase, RyR ryanodine receptors, SERCA sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase, 1-VDAC1, voltage-dependent anion-selective channel; VKOR vitamin K epoxide reductase