Table 3.

Association of coffee and caffeine intake with ASMBMI.

Variables	Model 1 [β (95% CI) P-value]	Model 2 [β (95% CI) P-value]	Model 3 [β (95% CI) P-value]
Coffee intake (per 1,000 g)	0.02 (0.01, 0.03) < 0.001	0.02 (0.01, 0.02) < 0.001	0.01 (0.01, 0.02) < 0.001
Coffee intake (groups)
Group 1	Reference	Reference	Reference
Group 2	−0.40 (−0.53, −0.28) < 0.001	0.01 (−0.06, 0.08) 0.852	0.01 (−0.06, 0.08) 0.763
Group 3	−0.10 (−0.22, 0.02) 0.115	0.23 (0.16, 0.30) < 0.001	0.07 (0.00, 0.13) 0.039
Group 4	0.11 (0.00, 0.22) 0.049	0.24 (0.17, 0.30) < 0.001	0.13 (0.06, 0.19) < 0.001
P for trend	0.073	< 0.001	< 0.001
Caffeinated coffee intake (per 1,000 g)	0.02 (0.01, 0.03) < 0.001	0.01 (0.01, 0.02) < 0.001	0.01 (0.01, 0.02) < 0.001
Caffeinated coffee intake (groups)
Group 1	Reference	Reference	Reference
Group 2	−0.42 (−0.55, −0.29) < 0.001	0.03 (−0.04, 0.11) 0.391	0.05 (−0.02, 0.11) 0.170
Group 3	−0.01 (−0.13, 0.11) 0.929	0.18 (0.11, 0.25) < 0.001	0.04 (−0.03, 0.10) 0.256
Group 4	0.14 (0.04, 0.25) 0.009	0.22 (0.15, 0.28) < 0.001	0.12 (0.06, 0.18) < 0.001
P for trend	0.009	< 0.001	< 0.001
Caffeine intake (per 1,000 mg)	0.07 (0.05, 0.10) < 0.001	0.02 (0.01, 0.04) < 0.001	0.02 (0.01, 0.04) < 0.001
Caffeine intake (groups)
Group 1	Reference	Reference	Reference
Group 2	−0.28 (−0.41, −0.14) < 0.001	−0.04 (−0.11, 0.04) 0.359	0.01 (−0.06, 0.08) 0.804
Group 3	−0.23 (−0.36, −0.10) < 0.001	−0.03 (−0.10, 0.04) 0.428	−0.04 (−0.10, 0.03) 0.275
Group 4	0.16 (0.04, 0.28) 0.009	0.13 (0.06, 0.21) < 0.001	0.11 (0.04, 0.17) 0.003
P for trend	< 0.001	< 0.001	0.006

Model 1 did not adjust for any covariates. Model 2 adjusted for gender, age, and race. Model 3 adjusted for all covariates.