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. 2024 Aug 20;7:1024. doi: 10.1038/s42003-024-06636-1

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© The Author(s) 2024

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 3 — a Protein map, showing cell membrane (yellow arrow), nucleus membrane (blue arrow) and nucleolus (orange arrow), b off-peak image at 530 eV showing distribution of neuromelanin, c iron map, d composite map showing protein (blue), neuromelanin (white), iron (red), e image of melanised cellular region highlighted in (d) at Fe³⁺ peak, (f) iron L₃-edge spectra from neuromelanin clusters and extracellular region highlighted in (e). The dashed line at 708 eV and dotted line at 709.5 eV mark the principal absorption energies for Fe²⁺ and Fe³⁺ cations, respectively. g Iron L_2,3-edge spectrum from intranuclear iron deposit highlighted in (c).