Table 1.

Echocardiographic parameters

Parameter	Young	Aged		p-value
	3 month	32 month + Vehicle	32 month + PDE9I
Heart Rate, bpm	427.4 ± 11.3	431.5 ± 11.35	417.6 ± 19.57	0.370
Diameter;s, mm	2.26 ± 0.085	2.9 ± 0.2	2.73 ± 0.32	0.150
Diameter;d, mm	3.65 ± 0.08	4.16 ± 0.19	4.1 ± 0.28	0.170
Volume;s, µl	17.84 ± 1.7	35.3 ± 5.7	36.36 ± 6.01	0.060
Volume;d, µl	56.9 ± 3.21	79.2 ± 8.1	77.62 ± 12.16	0.160
Stroke Volume, µl	39 ± 1.97	43.9 ± 3.4	46 ± 5.62	0.240
Ejection Fraction, %	69 ± 1.6	61 ± 3.5	57.83 ± 2.3	0.082
Fractional Shortening, %	38.13 ± 1.25	32.58 ± 1.86	30.7 ± 1.46	0.058
Cardiac Output, ml/min	16.69 ± 0.93	18.8 ± 1.35	19.15 ± 2.3	0.100
LV Mass, mg	117.8 ± 5.1	189.6 ± 13.47 ***	209.9 ± 11.07 ****	< 0.0001 ****
LV Mass, mg	94.2 ± 4.1	151.9 ± 10.78 ***	168 ± 8.85 ****	< 0.0001 ****
LVAW;s, mm	1.39 ± 0.05	1.45 ± 0.12	1.49 ± 0.08	0.820
LVAW;d, mm	0.87 ± 0.04	0.99 ± 0.09	0.99 ± 0.07	0.480
LVPW;s, mm	1.31 ± 0.031	1.54 ± 0.1	1.77 ± 0.194 *	0.0413 *
LVPW;d, mm	0.91 ± 0.052	1.16 ± 0.076	1.37 ± 0.18 *	0.0084 **
MV Decel Time, ms	30.44 ± 2.7	20.5 ± 1.75 *	18 ± 1.87 **	0.003 **
MV E/A	1.36 ± 0.05	1.32 ± 0.07	1.42 ± 0.09	0.790
MV E/E’ (abs)	25.7 ± 1.04	34.1 ± 1.9 *	28.3 ± 1.75	0.032 *
IVRT, ms	19.3 ± 0.9	18.4 ± 1.0	18.47 ± 1.33	0.250
IVCT, ms	13.4 ± 1.18	16.9 ± 1.3	16.01 ± 1.9	0.290
AET, ms	53.1 ± 1.63	58.45 ± 3.74	58.46 ± 2.79	0.150
LV MPI IV	0.61 ± 0.02	0.623 ± 0.04	0.6 ± 0.04	0.088
PA VTI, mm	31.2 ± 0.91	22.96 ± 1.23 **	22.9 ± 1.42 **	0.0013 **
PAT/PET	0.27 ± 0.007	0.28 ± 0.0075	0.3 ± 0.02	0.190

^*—Compared to young group