Table 5.

Questionnaire responses for study subjects before (0 W) and after (12 W) NMN intervention

	Unit		Placebo group			NMN group			ANCOVA
Profile of Mood States 2 (POMS2)
Anger-Hostility (AH)	Point	0 W	43.2	±	6.1	41.7	±	4.7
		12 W	41.8	±	4.6	41.5	±	4.2	0.506
Confusion-Bewilderment (CB)	Point	0 W	44.4	±	6.7	43.3	±	5.1
		12 W	43.5	±	4.3	42.5	±	4.1	0.559
Depression-Dejection (DD)	Point	0 W	44.7	±	5.3	44.4	±	6.1
		12 W	43.4	±	3.3	43.6	±	4.1	0.660
Fatigue-Inertia (FI)	Point	0 W	42.1	±	6.4	39.3	±	3.7
		12 W	39.9	±	4.5	38.8	±	2.8	0.961
Tension-Anxiety (TA)	Point	0 W	42.4	±	6.1	41.3	±	5.8
		12 W	40.9	±	5.7	41.1	±	5.3	0.352
Vigor-Activity (VA)	Point	0 W	58.7	±	7.1	51.7	±	8.4
		12 W	58.8	±	7.7	55.3	±	10.0	0.355
Friendliness (F)	Point	0 W	56.6	±	7.4	47.8	±	7.6
		12 W	56.8	±	7.6	50.4	±	9.4	0.420
Total score (TMD)	Point	0 W	41.1	±	6.3	41.3	±	5.1
		12 W	39.5	±	4.9	39.9	±	4.5	0.712
Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI)
Sleep quality	Score	0 W	1.0	±	0.6	1.0	±	0.4
		12 W	1.1	±	0.4	0.9	±	0.4	0.062
Sleep latency	Score	0 W	0.7	±	0.6	0.4	±	0.6
		12 W	0.9	±	0.9	0.4	±	0.7	0.195
Sleep duration	Score	0 W	0.8	±	0.7	1.0	±	0.7
		12 W	1.0	±	0.7	1.0	±	0.6	0.337
Habitual sleep efficiency	Score	0 W	0.0	±	0.0	0.0	±	0.0
		12 W	0.0	±	0.2	0.0	±	0.2	0.981
Sleep disturbance	Score	0 W	1.0	±	0.0	0.9	±	0.4
		12 W	0.9	±	0.4	0.8	±	0.4	0.664
Use of sleep medications	Score	0 W	0.0	±	0.0	0.0	±	0.0
		12 W	0.0	±	0.0	0.0	±	0.0	-
Daytime dysfunction	Score	0 W	0.4	±	0.6	0.2	±	0.4
		12 W	0.4	±	0.6	0.0	±	0.2	0.010
Global PSQI	Score	0 W	3.9	±	1.3	3.5	±	1.3
		12 W	4.3	±	1.5	3.2	±	1.4	0.013

Means ± standard deviation are shown

Efficacy analysis population: N = 59 (Placebo group N = 29; NMN group N = 30)