Table 4.
Multivariable associations between physical fitness and number of breast cancer–related symptoms in 1458 newly diagnosed breast cancer patients in the AMBER cohort study (2012–2019).
| Symptom number (any vs. 0) | Symptom number (2–3 vs. 0–1) | |
|---|---|---|
| Relative VO2peak | ||
| High fit | 1.00 | 1.0 |
| Mid fit | 2.03 (1.50–2.76) | 2.30 (1.57–3.38) |
| Low fit | 1.85 (1.34–2.55) | 2.02 (1.34–3.05) |
| No VO2peak | 1.91 (1.36–2.68) | 2.90 (1.90–4.41) |
| p for trend | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| OR per 1 mL/kg/min | 0.95 (0.93–0.97) | 0.94 (0.92–0.97) |
| Absolute VO2peak | ||
| High fit | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Mid fit | 1.28 (0.95–1.73) | 1.30 (0.90–1.88) |
| Low fit | 1.54 (1.12–2.14) | 1.40 (0.94–2.07) |
| No VO2peak | 1.53 (1.09–2.15) | 2.00 (1.35–2.97) |
| p for trend | 0.040 | 0.007 |
| OR per 0.1 L/min | 0.95 (0.91–0.98) | 0.97 (0.93–1.02) |
| Upper body strength | ||
| High fit | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Mid fit | 1.13 (0.84–1.54) | 1.06 (0.73–1.54) |
| Low fit | 1.28 (0.93–1.75) | 1.23 (0.84–1.79) |
| No max test | 1.33 (0.96–1.83) | 1.52 (1.05–2.20) |
| p for trend | 0.30 | 0.13 |
| OR per 1 kg | 0.89 (0.77–1.01) | 0.87 (0.74–1.03) |
| Relative upper body strength | ||
| High fit | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Mid fit | 1.22 (0.90–1.65) | 1.19 (0.82–1.73) |
| Low fit | 1.42 (1.03–1.95) | 1.40 (0.95–2.06) |
| No max test | 1.41 (1.03–1.95) | 1.66 (1.14–2.42) |
| p for trend | 0.11 | 0.06 |
| OR per 0.1 kg/kg | 0.86 (0.78–0.95) | 0.80 (0.70–0.90) |
| Lower body strength | ||
| High fit | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Mid fit | 1.14 (0.85–1.54) | 0.94 (0.65–1.35) |
| Low fit | 1.16 (0.86–1.58) | 1.13 (0.78–1.62) |
| No max test | 1.24 (0.91–1.69) | 1.42 (0.99–2.04) |
| p for trend | 0.58 | 0.14 |
| OR per 1 kg | 0.97 (0.93–1.01) | 1.00 (0.95–1.05) |
| Relative lower body strength | ||
| High fit | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Mid fit | 1.46 (1.08–1.97) | 0.95 (0.66–1.38) |
| Low fit | 1.36 (1.00–1.84) | 1.14 (0.79–1.66) |
| No max test | 1.43 (1.03–1.96) | 1.45 (1.00–2.10) |
| p for trend | 0.06 | 0.13 |
| OR per 0.1 kg/kg | 0.97 (0.94–1.00) | 0.97 (0.94–1.01) |
| Upper body endurance | ||
| High fit | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Mid fit | 1.13 (0.84–1.53) | 1.52 (1.04–2.23) |
| Low fit | 1.53 (1.12–2.09) | 1.65 (1.12–2.42) |
| No max reps | 1.41 (1.03–1.92) | 1.88 (1.29–2.75) |
| p for trend | 0.030 | 0.007 |
| OR per 100 kg | 0.92 (0.86–0.98) | 0.90 (0.83–0.97) |
| Relative upper body endurance | ||
| High fit | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Mid fit | 1.17 (0.87–1.59) | 1.30 (0.88–1.92) |
| Low fit | 1.62 (1.19–2.22) | 1.92 (1.31–2.83) |
| No max reps | 1.46 (1.07–1.99) | 1.92 (1.31–2.82) |
| p for trend | 0.012 | 0.001 |
| OR per 1 kg/kg | 0.93 (0.89–0.97) | 0.90 (0.85–0.95) |
| Lower body endurance | ||
| High fit | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Mid fit | 1.09 (0.81–1.48) | 0.90 (0.62–1.32) |
| Low fit | 1.26 (0.93–1.73) | 1.17 (0.80–1.70) |
| No max reps | 1.29 (0.94–1.77) | 1.45 (1.01–2.10) |
| p for trend | 0.33 | 0.07 |
| OR per 100 kg | 0.99 (0.97–1.01) | 0.99 (0.97–1.01) |
| Relative lower body endurance | ||
| High fit | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Mid fit | 1.12 (0.83–1.52) | 0.96 (0.65–1.40) |
| Low fit | 1.23 (0.90–1.68) | 1.19 (0.82–1.74) |
| No max reps | 1.29 (0.94–1.77) | 1.50 (1.03–2.17) |
| p for trend | 0.40 | 0.07 |
| OR per 1 kg/kg | 0.99 (0.98–1.00) | 0.98 (0.97–1.00) |
| Handgrip strength | ||
| Highest 25% | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| 50%–75% | 1.34 (0.99–1.82) | 0.95 (0.67–1.35) |
| 25%–50% | 1.31 (0.96–1.78) | 0.82 (0.57–1.19) |
| Lowest 25% | 1.27 (0.91–1.76) | 1.04 (0.71–1.54) |
| p for trend | 0.23 | 0.60 |
| OR per 1 kg | 0.99 (0.98–1.00) | 0.99 (0.98–1.01) |
| Relative handgrip strength | ||
| Highest 25% | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| 50%–75% | 1.46 (1.07–1.97) | 1.51 (1.05–2.19) |
| 25%–50% | 1.48 (1.09–2.03) | 1.25 (0.85–1.83) |
| Lowest 25% | 1.41 (1.02–1.94) | 1.74 (1.18–2.56) |
| p for trend | 0.041 | 0.025 |
| OR per 0.1 kg/kg | 0.92 (0.87–0.98) | 0.89 (0.84–0.96) |
| Curl up | ||
| Highest 25% | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| 50%–75% | 1.05 (0.78–1.41) | 1.01 (0.71–1.46) |
| 25%–50% | 1.27 (0.93–1.74) | 1.10 (0.76–1.59) |
| Lowest 25% | 1.04 (0.76–1.43) | 1.33 (0.91–1.94) |
| p for trend | 0.42 | 0.44 |
| OR per 1 rep | 1.00 (0.99–1.00) | 0.99 (0.99–1.00) |
| Sit and reach | ||
| Highest 25% | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| 50%–75% | 0.98 (0.73–1.33) | 1.04 (0.72–1.50) |
| 25%–50% | 0.85 (0.63–1.14) | 0.99 (0.69–1.43) |
| Lowest 25% | 1.11 (0.82–1.51) | 1.31 (0.91–1.88) |
| p for trend | 0.36 | 0.38 |
| OR per 1 cm | 1.00 (0.99–1.01) | 0.99 (0.98–1.01) |
Notes: Data are presented as OR(95%CI). All analyses adjusted for age, education, comorbidity, family history, disease stage, surgery type and timing, chemotherapy status, kilocalorie intake, location, and smoking.
Abbreviations: 95%CI = 95% confidence interval; AMBER = Alberta Moving Beyond Breast Cancer; OR = odds ratio; VO2peak = peak oxygen consumption.