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. 2024 Jul 9;10(15):e34415. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e34415

Table 11.

Temporal effect analysis.

Variable Direct effect Spillover effect Total effect
LnLHEE 0.032 (0.041) 0.110 (0.133) 0.142 (0.145)
LnLHEEt-1 0.046 (0.038) 0.283** (0.114) 0.329*** (0.120)
Control variables YES YES YES
ρ 0.532*** (0.053) 0.532*** (0.053) 0.532*** (0.053)
N 510 510 510
R2 0.229 0.229 0.229
Log-L 514.329 514.329 514.329

*p <10 %, **p <5 %, and ***p <1 %.