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. 2024 Jul 9;10(15):e34415. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e34415

Table 6.

Panel unit root tests.

Variable ADF–Fisher statistic LLC statistic
LnGTFP 5.984*** 2.679***
LnLHEE 80.021** −2.963***

*p < 10 %, **p < 5 %, and ***p < 1 %.