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. 2024 Jul 16;10(15):e34697. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e34697

Table 1.

Baseline characteristics of the study participants.

Variables GZSC
MIMIC-IV
Total (n = 2969) ALBI ≤ −2.60 (n = 137) −2.60 <ALBI ≤ −1.39 (n = 1886) ALBI > -1.39 (n = 946) P value Total (n = 8841) ALBI ≤ −2.60 (n = 1433) −2.60 <ALBI ≤ −1.39 (n = 5259) ALBI > -1.39 (n = 2149) P value
Demographics
Sex, n (%) 0.455 0.071
 Male 1884 (63.5) 93 (67.9) 1200 (63.6) 591 (62.5) 5053 (57.2) 855 (59.7) 2962 (56.3) 1236 (57.5)
 Female 1085 (36.5) 44 (32.1) 686 (36.4) 355 (37.5) 3788 (42.8) 578 (40.3) 2297 (43.7) 913 (42.5)
Age (years) 66.6 ± 16.7 60.8 ± 17.9 66.8 ± 17.0 67.0 ± 15.9 <0.001 63.4 ± 16.8 61.6 ± 17.6 64.8 ± 16.7 60.9 ± 16.0 <0.001
Vital signs
MAP(mmHg) 88.1 ± 27.0 102.0 ± 24.2 90.3 ± 28.1 81.6 ± 23.5 <0.001 77.0 ± 10.8 81.1 ± 11.3 77.1 ± 10.8 74.0 ± 9.6 <0.001
Heart rate(bpm) 102.1 ± 27.4 103.3 ± 27.4 99.9 ± 28.0 106.3 ± 25.7 <0.001 89.3 ± 17.4 85.0 ± 16.0 88.6 ± 17.3 93.6 ± 17.7 <0.001
Respiratory rate(bpm) 23.1 ± 8.1 23.8 ± 8.2 23.1 ± 8.4 23.0 ± 7.6 0.723 20.3 ± 4.3 19.5 ± 3.7 20.5 ± 4.2 20.6 ± 4.7 <0.001
Temperature(°C) 36.9 ± 0.9 37.0 ± 0.9 36.9 ± 0.9 36.8 ± 1.0 0.063 36.9 ± 0.7 37.0 ± 0.6 36.9 ± 0.7 36.8 ± 0.7 <0.001
SPO2(%) 92.7 ± 50.6 97.6 ± 35.9 90.2 ± 52.1 96.9 ± 50.6 0.605 96.8 ± 2.3 97.2 ± 1.9 96.8 ± 2.2 96.7 ± 2.7 <0.001
Laboratoryndings
White blood cell( × 109) 11.7 (7.5, 17.1) 12.0 (8.7, 16.2) 11.7 (7.8, 17.0) 11.5 (6.3, 17.7) 0.433 14.1 (9.6, 19.8) 13.7 (10.2, 18.1) 13.8 (9.5, 19.5) 14.9 (9.6, 21.7) <0.001
Creatinine (mg/dL) 1.3(0.9, 2.6) 1.1 (0.8, 2.3) 1.3 (0.9, 2.8) 1.3 (0.9, 2.5) 0.175 1.3 (0.9, 2.2) 1.2 (0.9, 1.8) 1.3 (0.9, 2.2) 1.4 (0.9, 2.4) <0.001
BUN (mg/dL) 25.7 (16.3,46.6) 19.7(13.4,36.6) 25.4(16.3,46.3) 27.7(17.1,48.3) <0.001 27.0 (17.0, 45.0) 22.0 (15.0, 34.0) 28.0 (17.0, 46.0) 30.0 (18.0, 50.0) <0.001
Potassium (mmol/L) 3.9 ± 1.6 4.0 ± 0.9 3.9 ± 1.4 3.9 ± 2.0 0.882 4.7 ± 1.0 4.8 ± 1.1 4.7 ± 1.0 4.7 ± 0.9 <0.001
Sodium (mmol/L) 139.2 ± 8.8 140.4 ± 7.3 139.5 ± 8.7 138.4 ± 9.1 0.002 140.2 ± 6.0 141.3 ± 5.4 140.4 ± 6.0 138.9 ± 6.1 <0.001
Chlorine (mmol/L) 104.4 ± 9.3 102.7 ± 9.5 103.9 ± 9.2 105.5 ± 9.4 <0.001 106.3 ± 7.2 106.3 ± 6.7 106.3 ± 7.2 106.3 ± 7.6 0.997
Calcium (mmol/L) 2.0 ± 0.2 2.2 ± 0.2 2.1 ± 0.2 1.9 ± 0.2 <0.001 2.1 ± 0.2 2.3 ± 0.2 2.1 ± 0.2 2.0 ± 0.3 <0.001
Bilirubin,mg/dl 0.5 (0.3, 1.0) 0.4 (0.3, 0.8) 0.5(0.3, 1.0) 0.6(0.4, 1.0) <0.001 0.8 (0.5, 2.0) 0.5 (0.3, 0.7) 0.7 (0.4, 1.4) 2.6 (1.1, 6.3) <0.001
Albumin,g/dl 28.5 ± 6.5 40.7 ± 2.9 31.1 ± 3.9 21.7 ± 4.3 <0.001 3.2 ± 0.7 4.2 ± 0.4 3.2 ± 0.4 2.4 ± 0.4 <0.001
Scoring system
SOFA score 9.0 (7.0, 12.0) 9.0 (7.0, 10.0) 9.0 (7.0, 11.0) 10.0 (8.0, 13.0) <0.001 3.0 (2.0, 5.0) 3.0 (2.0, 4.0) 3.0 (2.0, 5.0) 4.0 (3.0, 6.0) <0.001
In-hospital management
CRRT 550 (18.5) 22 (16.1) 334 (17.7) 194 (20.5) 0.146 609 (7.2) 75 (5.5) 327 (6.5) 207 (10.2) <0.001
Mechanical ventilation 2016 (67.9) 87 (63.5) 1239 (65.7) 690 (72.9) <0.001 4904 (58.4) 814 (59.9) 2832 (56.5) 1258 (61.9) <0.001

MAP, mean arterial pressure; BUN, blood urea nitrogen; CRRT, continuous renal replacement therapy.