Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the study participants.
| Variables | GZSC |
MIMIC-IV |
||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total (n = 2969) | ALBI ≤ −2.60 (n = 137) | −2.60 <ALBI ≤ −1.39 (n = 1886) | ALBI > -1.39 (n = 946) | P value | Total (n = 8841) | ALBI ≤ −2.60 (n = 1433) | −2.60 <ALBI ≤ −1.39 (n = 5259) | ALBI > -1.39 (n = 2149) | P value | |
| Demographics | ||||||||||
| Sex, n (%) | 0.455 | 0.071 | ||||||||
| Male | 1884 (63.5) | 93 (67.9) | 1200 (63.6) | 591 (62.5) | 5053 (57.2) | 855 (59.7) | 2962 (56.3) | 1236 (57.5) | ||
| Female | 1085 (36.5) | 44 (32.1) | 686 (36.4) | 355 (37.5) | 3788 (42.8) | 578 (40.3) | 2297 (43.7) | 913 (42.5) | ||
| Age (years) | 66.6 ± 16.7 | 60.8 ± 17.9 | 66.8 ± 17.0 | 67.0 ± 15.9 | <0.001 | 63.4 ± 16.8 | 61.6 ± 17.6 | 64.8 ± 16.7 | 60.9 ± 16.0 | <0.001 |
| Vital signs | ||||||||||
| MAP(mmHg) | 88.1 ± 27.0 | 102.0 ± 24.2 | 90.3 ± 28.1 | 81.6 ± 23.5 | <0.001 | 77.0 ± 10.8 | 81.1 ± 11.3 | 77.1 ± 10.8 | 74.0 ± 9.6 | <0.001 |
| Heart rate(bpm) | 102.1 ± 27.4 | 103.3 ± 27.4 | 99.9 ± 28.0 | 106.3 ± 25.7 | <0.001 | 89.3 ± 17.4 | 85.0 ± 16.0 | 88.6 ± 17.3 | 93.6 ± 17.7 | <0.001 |
| Respiratory rate(bpm) | 23.1 ± 8.1 | 23.8 ± 8.2 | 23.1 ± 8.4 | 23.0 ± 7.6 | 0.723 | 20.3 ± 4.3 | 19.5 ± 3.7 | 20.5 ± 4.2 | 20.6 ± 4.7 | <0.001 |
| Temperature(°C) | 36.9 ± 0.9 | 37.0 ± 0.9 | 36.9 ± 0.9 | 36.8 ± 1.0 | 0.063 | 36.9 ± 0.7 | 37.0 ± 0.6 | 36.9 ± 0.7 | 36.8 ± 0.7 | <0.001 |
| SPO2(%) | 92.7 ± 50.6 | 97.6 ± 35.9 | 90.2 ± 52.1 | 96.9 ± 50.6 | 0.605 | 96.8 ± 2.3 | 97.2 ± 1.9 | 96.8 ± 2.2 | 96.7 ± 2.7 | <0.001 |
| Laboratory findings | ||||||||||
| White blood cell( × 109) | 11.7 (7.5, 17.1) | 12.0 (8.7, 16.2) | 11.7 (7.8, 17.0) | 11.5 (6.3, 17.7) | 0.433 | 14.1 (9.6, 19.8) | 13.7 (10.2, 18.1) | 13.8 (9.5, 19.5) | 14.9 (9.6, 21.7) | <0.001 |
| Creatinine (mg/dL) | 1.3(0.9, 2.6) | 1.1 (0.8, 2.3) | 1.3 (0.9, 2.8) | 1.3 (0.9, 2.5) | 0.175 | 1.3 (0.9, 2.2) | 1.2 (0.9, 1.8) | 1.3 (0.9, 2.2) | 1.4 (0.9, 2.4) | <0.001 |
| BUN (mg/dL) | 25.7 (16.3,46.6) | 19.7(13.4,36.6) | 25.4(16.3,46.3) | 27.7(17.1,48.3) | <0.001 | 27.0 (17.0, 45.0) | 22.0 (15.0, 34.0) | 28.0 (17.0, 46.0) | 30.0 (18.0, 50.0) | <0.001 |
| Potassium (mmol/L) | 3.9 ± 1.6 | 4.0 ± 0.9 | 3.9 ± 1.4 | 3.9 ± 2.0 | 0.882 | 4.7 ± 1.0 | 4.8 ± 1.1 | 4.7 ± 1.0 | 4.7 ± 0.9 | <0.001 |
| Sodium (mmol/L) | 139.2 ± 8.8 | 140.4 ± 7.3 | 139.5 ± 8.7 | 138.4 ± 9.1 | 0.002 | 140.2 ± 6.0 | 141.3 ± 5.4 | 140.4 ± 6.0 | 138.9 ± 6.1 | <0.001 |
| Chlorine (mmol/L) | 104.4 ± 9.3 | 102.7 ± 9.5 | 103.9 ± 9.2 | 105.5 ± 9.4 | <0.001 | 106.3 ± 7.2 | 106.3 ± 6.7 | 106.3 ± 7.2 | 106.3 ± 7.6 | 0.997 |
| Calcium (mmol/L) | 2.0 ± 0.2 | 2.2 ± 0.2 | 2.1 ± 0.2 | 1.9 ± 0.2 | <0.001 | 2.1 ± 0.2 | 2.3 ± 0.2 | 2.1 ± 0.2 | 2.0 ± 0.3 | <0.001 |
| Bilirubin,mg/dl | 0.5 (0.3, 1.0) | 0.4 (0.3, 0.8) | 0.5(0.3, 1.0) | 0.6(0.4, 1.0) | <0.001 | 0.8 (0.5, 2.0) | 0.5 (0.3, 0.7) | 0.7 (0.4, 1.4) | 2.6 (1.1, 6.3) | <0.001 |
| Albumin,g/dl | 28.5 ± 6.5 | 40.7 ± 2.9 | 31.1 ± 3.9 | 21.7 ± 4.3 | <0.001 | 3.2 ± 0.7 | 4.2 ± 0.4 | 3.2 ± 0.4 | 2.4 ± 0.4 | <0.001 |
| Scoring system | ||||||||||
| SOFA score | 9.0 (7.0, 12.0) | 9.0 (7.0, 10.0) | 9.0 (7.0, 11.0) | 10.0 (8.0, 13.0) | <0.001 | 3.0 (2.0, 5.0) | 3.0 (2.0, 4.0) | 3.0 (2.0, 5.0) | 4.0 (3.0, 6.0) | <0.001 |
| In-hospital management | ||||||||||
| CRRT | 550 (18.5) | 22 (16.1) | 334 (17.7) | 194 (20.5) | 0.146 | 609 (7.2) | 75 (5.5) | 327 (6.5) | 207 (10.2) | <0.001 |
| Mechanical ventilation | 2016 (67.9) | 87 (63.5) | 1239 (65.7) | 690 (72.9) | <0.001 | 4904 (58.4) | 814 (59.9) | 2832 (56.5) | 1258 (61.9) | <0.001 |
MAP, mean arterial pressure; BUN, blood urea nitrogen; CRRT, continuous renal replacement therapy.