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. 2024 Jul 30;10(15):e35452. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e35452

Table 1.

Descriptive analyses regarding the level of IAS and MPAI as stratified by sex, grade, and LBE (n = 1268).

Variables Category Statistical values IAS MPAI
Sex Male M ± SD 42.36 ± 8.64 42.68 ± 13.62
Female M ± SD 44.06 ± 9.33 42.00 ± 13.32
t −3.197 0.854
p 0.001 0.393
Grade Freshmen M ± SD 43.17 ± 8.54 42.82 ± 13.40
Sophomore M ± SD 43.09 ± 9.22 41.34 ± 12.74
Junior M ± SD 44.43 ± 10.20 41.18 ± 13.53
Senior M ± SD 45.39 ± 10.51 43.95 ± 16.20
Fifth M ± SD 41.50 ± 4.95 57.50 ± 14.85
F 1.633 1.908
p 0.16 0.107
LBE Yes M ± SD 44.53 ± 8.68 44.93 ± 13.29
No M ± SD 43.15 ± 9.23 41.46 ± 13.37
t 2.261 3.878
p 0.024 <0.001

Abbreviations: M, mean; SD, standard deviation; IAS, interaction anxiousness scale; LBE, left-behind experience; MPAI, mobile phone addiction index.