Table 1.
Descriptive analyses regarding the level of IAS and MPAI as stratified by sex, grade, and LBE (n = 1268).
| Variables | Category | Statistical values | IAS | MPAI |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex | Male | M ± SD | 42.36 ± 8.64 | 42.68 ± 13.62 |
| Female | M ± SD | 44.06 ± 9.33 | 42.00 ± 13.32 | |
| t | −3.197 | 0.854 | ||
| p | 0.001 | 0.393 | ||
| Grade | Freshmen | M ± SD | 43.17 ± 8.54 | 42.82 ± 13.40 |
| Sophomore | M ± SD | 43.09 ± 9.22 | 41.34 ± 12.74 | |
| Junior | M ± SD | 44.43 ± 10.20 | 41.18 ± 13.53 | |
| Senior | M ± SD | 45.39 ± 10.51 | 43.95 ± 16.20 | |
| Fifth | M ± SD | 41.50 ± 4.95 | 57.50 ± 14.85 | |
| F | 1.633 | 1.908 | ||
| p | 0.16 | 0.107 | ||
| LBE | Yes | M ± SD | 44.53 ± 8.68 | 44.93 ± 13.29 |
| No | M ± SD | 43.15 ± 9.23 | 41.46 ± 13.37 | |
| t | 2.261 | 3.878 | ||
| p | 0.024 | <0.001 |
Abbreviations: M, mean; SD, standard deviation; IAS, interaction anxiousness scale; LBE, left-behind experience; MPAI, mobile phone addiction index.