Table 1. Details of the included studies.

R0: complete resection; EA: endoscopic approach; SA: surgical approach; AE: adverse events; Major AE: Clavien-Dindo ≥ III; NA: data not available

Study	Region	Total	EA	SA	R0	AE	Major AE	Recurrence	Mortality	Hospital stay
Abe et al. 2022 [13]	Japan	74	43	31	EA: 21/43; SA: 31/31	NA	EA: 10/43; SA: 10/31	EA: 7/43; SA: 1/31	EA: 0/43; SA: 1/31	EA: 11 (7-57); SA: 42 (14-68)
Seyfried et al. 2022 [20]	Germany	85	42	43	EA: 41/42; SA: 43/43	EA: 40/42; SA 41/43	EA: 12/42; SA: 10/43	EA: 3/42; SA: 0/43	EA: 0/42; SA: 3/43	EA: 6.5 ± 7.6; SA: 20.2 ± 12
Haraldsson et al. 2021 [7]	Sweden	172	55	117	EA: 21/55; SA: 117/117	NA	NA	NA	EA: 0/55; SA: 0/117	NA
Dubois et al. 2016 [21]	Switzerland	30	11	19	EA: 5/11; SA: 1/19	EA: 1/11; SA: 13/19	EA: 0/11; SA: 6/19	NA	EA: 0/11; SA: 0/19	EA: 0; SA: 14 (10-30)
Onkendi et al. 2014 [22]	USA	180	130	50	EA: 121/130; SA: 50/50	EA: 38/139; SA: 29/50	NA	EA: 44/130; SA: 3/50	EA: 0/130; SA: 1/50	NA
Ceppa et al. 2013 [23]	USA	109	68	41	EA: 54/68; SA: 37/41	EA: 12/68; SA: 17/41	NA	NA	EA: 0/68; SA: 0/41	EA: 0.6 ± 268; SA: 10.1 ± 1
Kim et al. 2013 [24]	South Korea	91	57	34	EA: 44/57; SA: 33/34	NA	NA	EA: 7/57; SA: 0/34	EA: 0/57; SA: 0/34	NA
Irani et al. 2009 [25]	USA	123	102	21	EA: 88/102; SA: 21/21	NA	NA	EA: 8/102; SA: 0/21	EA: 0/102; SA: 0/21	NA
Kim et al. 2009 [26]	South Korea	33	20	13	EA: 12/20; SA: 13/13	EA: 1/20; SA: 1/13	NA	EA: 6/20; SA: 4/13	EA: 1/20; SA: 1/13	NA