Table 2.

Preclinical evaluation of several herbs on cardiovascular disease.

Study	Methodology	Result	References
To investigate Ginseng's potential to prevent established cardiomyocyte and heart failure	Ginseng was given to rats in drinking water after 4 weeks of prolonged coronary artery ligation when heart failure developed	This study shows that ginseng has a significant ability to reverse cardiac hypertrophy, myocardial remodeling, and heart failure,	[85]
To investigate Ginkgo biloba extract enhances cardioprotection in an isoproterenol-induced heart hypertrophic model.	Male Wistar rats were separated into four experimental groups and treated for eight days: 1: The control group was given saline. 2nd was given isoproterenol, 3rd was given Ginkgo biloba extract. 4th received isoproterenol with Ginkgo biloba extract.	Ginkgo biloba proved effective in decreasing the adverse cardiac events brought on by cardiac hypertrophy.	[86]
The anti-hyper lipidemic impact of crude methanolic extracts of Glycine Max on high cholesterol diet-fed albino rats.	For two weeks, male rats were fed a high-cholesterol diet and Glycine max at doses of 400 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg, respectively, as well as atorvastatin 20 mg/kg.	The glycine-consuming group was found to have an anti-hyper lipidemic impact on hyperlipidemic rats and to have cholesterol-lowering property	[87]
To examine the preventive effects of Nigella sativa on cadmium cardiotoxicity in albino rats.	Male albino rats were divided into five groups, with one serving as a control and the others receiving varying doses of cadmium chloride for seven days.	It has been shown that Nigella sativa has cardioprotective effects, from harmful substances like cadmium	[88]
To examine Cardioprotective action of silymarin in myocardial infarction in albino rats	Wistar albino rats were taken and silymarin was given in three distinct dosages for one week.	Silymarin has cardioprotective action in rats because it inhibits neutrophil infiltration during ischemia-reperfusion and protects endogenous antioxidant enzymes.	[89]
Cardioprotective Activity of Moringa oleifera on Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiotoxicity in Rats.	female Sprague Dawley rats were separated into five groups and administered doxorubicin with Moringa oleifera Leaf Ethanolic Extract orally for two weeks.	The results demonstrate that Moringa oleifera is effective in preventing cardiotoxicity	[90]
Cardiovascular effects of the aqueous extract of Gynostemma pentaphyllum in guinea-pigs.	G. pentaphyllum decoction was administered to guinea pigs at doses of 2.5, 5, and 10 mg/kg.	Protective effect against pitressin-induced coronary spasms, arrhythmias, etc., indicating that it functions as a cardioprotective agent	[91]
Gongronema latifolium (GL) leaf extract protects against dexamethasone-induced myocardial cell injury	Wistar rats were given dexamethasone and dexamethasone plus GL extract subcutaneously to cause myocardial damage, and GL leaf extract orally for 14 days.	Extract has anti-inflammatory and cardioprotective activities as well as an effective free radical blocker with high antioxidant capacity.	[58]
To examine the Celosia argentea L. a vasodilator plants.	Three different dosages of Celosia argentea (30, 100, and 300 mg/kg) were tested for hypotensive effects in male Wistar rats.	The findings demonstrated a Hypotensive effect of Celosia argentea in normotensive rats.	[61]
To investigate the Gentiana lutea has anti-atherosclerotic properties in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats.	STZ rats were given 2% Gentiana lutea root powder orally as a supplement to their usual diet for 30 days.	The findings demonstrated that Gentiana lutea root powder/extract has anti-atherosclerotic properties.	[92]
Hypolipidemic Action of Citrus bergamia Juice in wistar rats	Three groups of Wistar rats were formed as follows: control rats with normal cholesterol levels, hypercholesterolemic rats, and hypercholesterolemic rats taking bergamot juice for 30 days.	Results indicate that consumption of C. bergamia may lower the risk of several heart diseases due to its activity as a radical scavenger and hypocholesterolemic properties.	[93]