Table 3.

Concentrations, odor thresholds, and odor activity values (OAVs) of key aroma-active compounds in cooked and reheated Chinese stewed beef.

no.	aroma-active compound	selected ions used for quantitation.	linear equations	R2	ranges of concentration for provided linearity (μg/kg)	odor threshold in water (μg/kg)	concentrations (μg/kg)		OAV
							cooked	reheated	cooked	reheated
1	pentanal	44, 58, 86	y = 0.4387× − 0.0282	0.9946	25.79–494.46	9b	31.57 ± 1.14B	102.38 ± 8.93 A	4	11
2	2-methyl-3-buten-2-ol	43, 59, 71	y = 5.5312× + 0.0064	0.9919	0.01–1.25	51600c	0.34 ± 0.01 A	0.33 ± 0.01 A	<1	<1
3	dimethyl disulfide	47, 79, 94	y = 10.483× + 0.0002	0.9993	0.01–0.79	1.1a	0.21 ± 0.00 A	0.07 ± 0.02B	<1	<1
4	hexanal	44, 56, 72	y = 0.7435× − 0.01	0.9917	8.26–2401.08	1.00a	246.17 ± 21.36B	1070.33 ± 108.94 A	246	1070
5	2-methyl-thiophene	45, 97, 98	y = 12.096× + 0.0036	0.9971	0.03–3.07	3000c	0.20 ± 0.01 A	0.13 ± 0.02B	<1	<1
6	1-butanol	31, 43, 56	y = 1.003× + 0.0012	0.9997	0.05–39.42	459.20d	4.31 ± 0.06B	9.27 ± 0.91 A	<1	<1
7	heptanal	44, 70, 114	y = 0.2873× + 0.0018	0.9985	1.08–280.04	2.8a	32.99 ± 0.25B	69.46 ± 3.68 A	12	25
8	2-pentylfuran	53, 81, 138	y = 17.305× + 0.015	0.9961	0.08–15.05	6b	0.59 ± 0.01B	2.35 ± 0.20 A	<1	<1
9	1-pentanol	42, 55, 70	y = 2.2154× − 1 × 10−5	0.9998	0.22–65.46	4000a	3.63 ± 0.01B	14.95 ± 0.38 A	<1	<1
10	octanal	41, 55, 84	y = 2.0255× + 0.0012	0.9986	0.11–80.09	0.1c	2.01 ± 0.28B	17.89 ± 0.32 A	20	179
11	1-octen-3-one	27, 55, 70	y = 2.4605× + 0.0007	0.999	0.01–9.63	0.1c	1.75 ± 0.11 A	1.41 ± 0.01B	18	14
12	(E)-2-heptenal	55, 83, 112	y = 3.0831× + 0.0017	0.9996	0.12–15.48	13a	2.95 ± 0.41B	8.30 ± 1.18 A	<1	<1
13	1-hexanol	43, 56, 105	y = 7.5922× + 0.0062	0.9985	0.14–10.37	5.60a	0.56 ± 0.10B	4.06 ± 0.70 A	<1	<1
14	(Z)-3-hexen-1-ol	41, 67, 100	y = 0.0345× + 0.0019	0.992	27.96–972.3	200b	104.75 ± 1.60 A	97.91 ± 1.28B	<1	<1
15	5-methyl-2-ethylpyrazine	77, 106, 121	y = 51.583× − 0.0019	0.9933	0.02–1.51	1000c	0.10 ± 0.02 A	0.09 ± 0.02 A	<1	<1
16	nonanal	41, 57, 98	y = 2.7061× + 0.0276	0.9928	3.10–123.20	1.00b	16.52 ± 1.36B	75.63 ± 6.96 A	17	76
17	(E)-2-octenal	55, 70, 83	y = 1.5036× + 0.0165	0.999	1.34–102.85	3.00a	3.89 ± 0.05B	13.49 ± 0.57 A	1	5
18	1-octen-3-ol	43, 57, 72	y = 1.8271× + 0.0198	0.9988	3.14–150.82	1.5a	7.00 ± 0.14B	31.85 ± 0.48 A	5	21
19	3-(methylthio)propanal	48, 76, 104	y = 0.3426× + 0.0001	0.995	0.01–3.14	0.04c	0.74 ± 0.09 A	0.42 ± 0.02B	19	11
20	(E,E)-2,4-heptadienal	53, 81, 110	y = 6.3891× + 0.0229	0.997	0.02–40.82	15.4a	0.85 ± 0.02B	2.18 ± 0.12 A	<1	<1
21	decanal	41, 57, 70	y = 0.2139× + 0.0004	0.997	0.15–20.01	2.00b	2.56 ± 0.15B	6.84 ± 0.21 A	1	3
22	benzaldehyde	51, 77, 106	y = 1.3412× + 0.0057	0.9995	1.70–152.35	41.70b	26.51 ± 0.38B	31.41 ± 1.02 A	<1	<1
23	(E)-2-nonenal	43, 70, 83	y = 0.2177× + 9 × 10−5	0.9963	0.25–9.99	0.08a	2.93 ± 0.14B	6.26 ± 0.19 A	37	78
24	formic acid octyl ester	56, 70, 84	y = 0.3159× + 9 × 10−5	0.9982	0.05–7.78	3132⁎	1.25 ± 0.20B	3.63 ± 0.23 A	<1	<1
25	(E)-2-decenal	55, 70, 154	y = 0.2179× + 0.0001	0.9964	0.21–9.01	0.35a	1.89 ± 0.05B	2.33 ± 0.11 A	5	7
26	(E,E)-2,4-nonadienal	67, 81, 138	y = 1.1253× + 0.0012	0.9956	0.42–19.07	0.100a	1.11 ± 0.01B	5.75 ± 0.14 A	11	58
27	dodecanal	41, 82, 109	y = 0.3478× + 0.0002	0.9975	0.11–6.39	2.00b	2.38 ± 0.13B	4.08 ± 0.50 A	1	2
28	4-ethyl benzaldehyde	91, 119, 134	y = 4.4924× + 5 × 10−5	0.9997	0.00–0.71	123.23d	0.00 ± 0.00B	0.02 ± 0.00 A	<1	<1
29	(E)-2-undecenal	41, 70, 83	y = 0.219× + 9 × 10−5	0.9952	0.11–5.90	1.40a	1.83 ± 0.13B	3.04 ± 0.56 A	1	2
30	2-acetyl-2-thiazoline	43, 60, 129	y = 1.0494× + 3 × 10−5	0.9998	0.06–0.86	1e	0.12 ± 0.01 A	0.14 ± 0.01 A	<1	<1
31	(E,E)-2,4-decadienal	41, 81, 152	y = 77.564× + 0.0046	0.998	0.00–1.72	0.027a	0.03 ± 0.00B	0.21 ± 0.05 A	1	8
32	benzyl alcohol	77, 79, 108	y = 0.8016× + 0.0007	0.996	0.30–26.95	5500c	3.76 ± 0.69B	13.11 ± 2.55 A	<1	<1
33	phenethyl alcohol	91, 92, 122	y = 2.2791× + 0.0002	0.9998	0.02–1.55	4000c	0.57 ± 0.05 A	0.61 ± 0.04 A	<1	<1
34	methyleugenol	147, 163, 178	y = 2.41× + 0.002	0.9989	0.00–1.21	1250c	0.09 ± 0.01 A	0.10 ± 0.01 A	<1	<1
35	3-phenyl-2-propenal	103, 131, 132	y = 1.3259× − 8 × 10−5	0.9999	0.01–3.91	90c	0.15 ± 0.00B	0.22 ± 0.00 A	<1	<1
36	4-methyl-5-thiazoleethanol	85, 112, 143	y = 10.484× + 0.0502	0.9995	0.10–4.40	4748⁎	0.65 ± 0.06B	1.19 ± 0.04 A	<1	<1

Different uppercase letters show significant differences in concentrations of different samples in each row at P < 0.05.

^aOdor detection threshold in water according to ref. (Beldarrain, Moran, Sentandreu, Barron, & Aldai, 2022),

^bOdor detection threshold in water according to ref. (Han, Zhang, Fauconnier, & Mi, 2020),

^cOdor detection threshold in water according to ref. (Van Gemert, 2011),

^dOdor detection threshold in water according to ref. (Giri, Osako, & Ohshima, 2010),

^eOdor detection threshold in water according to ref. (Cerny & Grosch, 1993),

^⁎Represents that the odor threshold was detected in the present study.