. 2024 Jul 27;75:102760. doi: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2024.102760

Table 1.

Summary of study characteristics.

Study + country	Study design	Demographics sample size, mean age (SD), Sex (%F)	Primary diagnosis	Medication/treatment arms	TMS procedure	Clinical outcomes
Chen et al., 2022 China	RCT	N = 100 adolescents (12–18 yrs) rTMS: N = 48; 15 (2.3); 85% F Sham: N = 49; 15 (2.4); 78% F	MDD	1. Sertraline (SSRI) 50 mg + rTMS 2. Sertraline + sham rTMS 3. Increase to 100 mg if no response	10 Hz left DLPFC 10 sessions over 2 weeks Device: Magstim Rapid stimulator with a figure- 8 coil Locating method: 5-cm rule	ΔHAMD-17 - Active: −11 - Sham: −6.3 Remission - Active: 18/49 (37%) - Sham: 6/48 (13%) Response - Active: 31/49 (63%) - Sham: 14/48 (29%)
Wang et al., 2017 China	RCT	N = 43; 29 (8.9) rTMS: N = 22; 29 (8.5); 45.5% F Sham: N = 21; 30 (9.5); 52% F	MDD	1. Paroxetine (SSRI) + rTMS 2. Paroxetine + sham TMS Paroxetine dosage: 10 or 20 mg for 1st week, 20 or 30 mg from day 8 on, some took 40 mg from day 29	10 Hz Left DLPFC 20 sessions over 4 weeks Device: Magstim Rapid stimulator with a 70 mm figure- 8 coil Locating method: 5-cm rule	ΔHAMD-24 - Active: −36 - Sham: −35 Remission - Active: 19/22 (86%) - Sham: 16/21 (76%) Response - Active: 20/22 (91%) - Sham: 18/21 (86%)
Dai et al., 2020 China	RCT Double-blind	N = 124; 69 (8.7) rTMS: N = 62, 69 (8.7); 63% F Sham: N = 62, 67 (9.9); 60% F	MDD	1. Escitalopram (SSRI) 5 mg/d - 10 mg/d + rTMS 2. 5 mg/d - 10 mg/d Escitalopram + sham rTMS	10 Hz, left DLPFC 20 sessions over 4 weeks Device: Magstim Rapid stimulator with a figure- 8 coil Locating method: n/a	ΔHAMD-24 - Active: −20 - Sham: −16 Remission - Active: n/a - Sham: n/a Response - Active: n/a - Sham: n/a
Guan et al., 2021 China	RCT	N = 51 iTBS: N = 27; 31 (7.7); 59% F Sham: N = 24; 29 (7.1); 58% F	MDD	1. Escitalopram (SSRI) 10 mg–20 mg/d + rTMS 2. Escitalopram + sham rTMS	iTBS Oz point of the occipital region 40 sessions over 20 days Device: MagPro R30 stimulator with a 100 mm figure- 8 coil Locating method: 10–20 EEG system	ΔHAMD - Active: −9.4 - Sham: −7.5 Remission - Active: n/a - Sham: n/a Response - Active: n/a - Sham: n/a
García-Toro et al., 2001 Spain	RCT	N = 22 rTMS: N = 11; 43 (13); 54.5% F Sham: N = 11; 45 (18); 54.5% F	MDD	1. Sertraline (SSRI) 50 mg/d for 2 weeks + rTMS 2. Sertraline + sham rTMS	20 Hz left DLPFC 10 sessions over 2 weeks Device: Dantec Magpro stimulator with an 85 mm figure- 8 coil Locating method: 5-cm rule	ΔHAMD-21 - Active: −12 - Sham: −12 Remission: - Active: n/a - Sham: n/a Response: - Active: n/a - Sham: n/a
Ahmadpanah et al., 2023 Iran	RCT	N = 40 rTMS: N = 18; 32 (6.8); 60% F Sham: N = 17; 32 (6.9); 55% F	MDD	1. Sertraline (SSRI) 25–100 mg/d for 4 weeks + rTMS 2. Sertraline + sham rTMS	10 Hz left DLPFC 10 sessions Device: 70 mm D70 Air Film Coil from Magstim Locating method: 5-cm rule	ΔMADRS - Active: −5.6 - Sham: −3.1 Remission - Active: n/a - Sham: n/a Response - Active: 15/18 (83%) - Sham: 8/17 (47%)
Bretlau et al., 2008 Denmark	RCT	N = 45 rTMS: N = 22; 53 (10); 68% F Sham: N = 23; 58 (10); 56.5% F	MDD	1. Escitalopram (SSRI) 20 mg/d for 12 weeks + rTMS 2. Escitalopram + sham rTMS	8 Hz left DLPFC 15 sessions over 3 weeks Device: Magstim Super Rapid Stimulator with a 70 mm figure- 8 coil Locating method: 5-cm rule	ΔHAMD-17 - Active: −14 - Sham: −11 Remission - Active: n/a - Sham: n/a Response - Active: n/a - Sham: n/a
Huang et al., 2012 China	RCT	N = 56 rTMS: N = 28; 33 (7.28); 61% F Sham: N = 28; 31 (7.39); 71% F	MDD	1. Citalopram (SSRI) 20–40 mg/d for 4 weeks + rTMS 2. Citalopram + sham lf-rTMS	10 Hz left DLPFC 10 sessions over 2 weeks Device: Magstim Rapid stimulator with a figure- 8 coil Locating method: 5-cm rule	ΔHAMD-17 - Active: −10 - Sham: −7.6 Remission - Active: 11/28 (39%) - Sham: 8/28 (29%) Response - Active: 13/28 (46%) - Sham: 10/28 (36%)
Wang et al., 2023 China	RCT	N = 120 rTMS: N = 60; 66.6 (8.0); 58.3% F Sham: N = 60; 65.7 (7.2); 68.3% F	MDD	1. Escitalopram (SSRI) 5–20 mg/d for 8 weeks + rTMS 2. Escitalopram (SSRI) + sham rTMS	10 Hz left DLPFC 40 sessions over 8 weeks Device: MagPro magnetic stimulator with a figure- 8 coil Locating method: n/a	ΔHAMD-17 - Active: - Sham: Remission - Active: 23/60 (38.3%) - Sham: 7/60 (11.7%) Response - Active: 57/60 (80%) - Sham: 48/60 (95%)
Rossini et al., 2005 Italy	RCT	N = 99; 47 (13); 80% F Venlafaxine + rTMS: N = 17; 49 (16); 82% F Sertraline + rTMS: N = 16; 49 (14); 87.5% F Escitalopram + rTMS: N = 17; 48 (12); 65% F Venlafaxine + sham: N = 17; 42 (11.5); 87.5% F Sertraline + sham: N = 16; 48 (10); 81% F Escitalopram + sham: N = 16; 49 (14); 76.5%	MDD	1. Venlafaxine (SNRI) 225 mg/d + rTMS 2. Sertraline (SSRI) 150 mg/d + rTMS 3. Escitalopram (SSRI) 15 mg/d + rTMS 4. Venlafaxine (SNRI) + sham 5. Sertraline (SSRI) + sham 6. Escitalopram (SSRI) + sham	15 Hz left DLPFC 10 sessions over 2 weeks Device: Magstim Rapid stimulator with a 70 mm figure- 8 coil Locating method: 5-cm rule	ΔHAMD-17 - Active: n/a - Sham: n/a Remission (SSRI) - Active: 21/30 (70%) - Sham: 17/30 (57%) Remission (SNRI) - Active: 12/15 (80%) - Sham: 7/14 (50%) Response (SSRI) - Active: 22/30 (73%) - Sham: 22/30 (73%) Response (SNRI) - Active: 14/15 (93%) - Sham: 10/14 (71%)
Ullrich et al., 2012 Germany	RCT Double Blind	N = 43 UHF rTMS: N = 22; 57 (10); 68% F LF sham rTMS: N = 21; 54 (7.8); 57% F	MDD	1. Venlafaxine (SNRI) + active UHF rTMS 2. Venlafaxine + sham (lf- right DLPFC rTMS)	30 Hz UHF Left DLPFC 15 sessions over 3 weeks Device: Dantec MagPro stimulator with a 100 mm figure- 8 coil Locating method: 10–20 EEG system	ΔHAMD-21 - Active: −9.3 - Sham: −3.9 Remission - Active: 0/22 (0%) - Sham: 0/21 (0%) Response - Active: 4/22 (18%) - Sham: 0/21 (0%)
Brunelin et al., 2014 France	RCT	N = 101 rTMS: N = 50; 54 (12); 68% F Sham: N = 51; 56 (9.9); 69% F Placebo: N = 54; Age 53 (11); 63% F	MDD	1. Venlafaxine (SNRI) 150–225 mg/d for 4 weeks + active rTMS 2. Venlafaxine + sham (lf- right DLPFC rTMS) Placebo + active rTMS	1 Hz right DLPFC over 2–6 weeks Device: Magstim Super Rapid stimulator with a 70 mm figure- 8 coil Locating method: 6-cm rule	ΔHAMD-17 - Active: −11 - Sham: −11 Remission - Active: 14/50 (28%) - Sham: 22/51 (43%) - Placebo: 22/54 (41%) Response - Active: n/a - Sham: n/a - Placebo: n/a
Herwig et al., 2018 Germany and Austria	RCT Double blind	N = 127 rTMS: N = 62; 50 (15); 71% F Sham: N = 65; 49 (13); 49% F	MDD	1. Venlafaxine (SNRI) 75 mg/d) + active rTMS 2. Venlafaxine + sham rTMS	10 Hz Left DLPFC 15 sessions over 3 weeks Device: Magstim Rapid, Medtronic Magpro, and Medtronic Maglite r25 stimulator with a 70 mm figure- 8 coil Locating method: 10–20 EEG system	ΔHAMD-21 - Active: −15.5 - Sham: −18 Remission - Active: 6/62 (10%) - Sham: 10/65 (15%) Response - Active: n/a - Sham: n/a
Pu et al., 2022 China	RCT	N = 100; 35 (5.1) rTMS group: N = 50; 35 (5.1); 62% F Sham group: N = 50; 34 (4.7); 56% F	MDD	1. Agomelatine (melatonin agonist-atypical antidepressant) + hf-rTMS 2. Agomelatine (melatonin agonist-atypical antidepressant) + sham rTMS	High frequency, left DLPFC 20 sessions over 8 weeks Device: coil from Wuhan Iruide Medical Equipment Locating method: n/a	ΔHAMD-17: −1.6 - Active: −18 - Sham: −15 Remission - Active: n/a - Sham: n/a Response - Active: 33/42 (79%) - Sham: 21/40 (53%)

Legend: SD = standard deviation; %F = % female; HAMD = Hamilton Rating Scale Score in Depression; MADRS = Montgomery–Åsberg Depression Rating Scale; DLPFC = dorsolateral prefrontal cortex; RCT = randomized control trial; MDD = Major Depressive Disorder; hf-rTMS = high frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation; lf-rTMS = low frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation; UHF = ultra-high frequency; iTBS = intermittent theta burst stimulation; Oz = occipital zero electrode position; n/a = not assessed.