Table 3.
List of estimates and 95% CI from selected studies by land use macro-category.
| Ref, Author, Date | Disease | Continent | Outcome | RR vs OR |
Forest Exposure | Estimated Effects | Agricultural Exposure | Estimated Effect | Urban Exposure | Estimated Effect |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Linard et al. [38] | NE (PUUV) | Europe | Incidence | RR | 1 % Increase in Forest Cover | 1.048 (p-value <0.05) | Urbanization level Increase (5 levels) |
0.782 (p-value <0.05) | ||
| Schwarz et al. [40] | NE (PUUV) | Europe | Incidence | RR | 1% Increase in Beech Forest Cover | 1.142 (1.097–1.173) | ||||
| 1% Increase in Seed Plants Cover | 1.229 (1.182–1.277) | |||||||||
| Viel et al. (2010) | NE (PUUV) | Europe | Incidence | RR | 1 % increase in Broadleaf Forest Cover | 1.001 (0.985–1.033) | ||||
| 1 % increase in Coniferous Forest Cover | 1.023 (0.992–1.055) | |||||||||
| 1 % increase in Mixed Forest Cover | 1.048 (0.978–1.124) | |||||||||
| Zeimes et al. [21] | NE (PUUV) | Europe | Presence vs Absence | OR | 1% increase in Forest cover | 1.023 (p value < 0.05) | ||||
| Zeimes et al. [22] | NE (PUUV) | Europe | Presence vs Absence | OR | Built up areas in Forest Ecotones | 1.323 (p value < 0.05) | ||||
| Cunze et al. [39] | NE (PUUV) |
Europe | Incidence | RR | 1 % Increase in Forest Cover | 1.009 (1.005–1.014) | 1% Increase in Urban areas | 0.967 (0.969–1.025) | ||
| Prist et al. [16] | HPS | South America | Presence vs Absence | OR | 1 % Increase in Forest Cover (Cerrado Region) |
1.105 (0.548–1.822) | 1% Increase in Sugarcane (Cerrado Region) |
2.225 (1.419–3.158) | ||
| 1 % Increase in Forest Cover (Atlantic Region) |
1,284 (0.818–1.733) | 1% Increase in Sugarcane (Atlantic Region) |
1.491 (1.161–1.915) | |||||||
| Muylaert et al. (2019) | HPS | South America | Presence vs Absence | OR | 1 % Increase in Forest Cover | 1.336 (1.066–1.671) | 1% Increase in Sugarcane | 1.172 (1.002–1.434) | ||
| 1% Increase in Maize | 1.1996 (1.002–1.363) | |||||||||
| Yan et al. [28] | HFRS | Asia | Incidence | RR | 1 % Increase in Timber Forest Cover | 1.0739 (1.039–1.108) | 1% Increase in Orchards | 1.070 (1.016–1.126) | ||
| Fang et al. [13] | HFRS | Asia | Incidence | RR | 1 % Increase in Forest Cover | 1.006 (0.994–1.017) | 1% Increase in Orchards | 1.043 (1.017–1.070) | 1 % Built Area | 0.992 (0.985–1.001) |
| 1% Increase in Rice | 1.270 (1.040–1.530) | |||||||||
| 1% Increase in Irrigable Land | 1.012 (0.999–1.025) | |||||||||
| Teng et al. [33] | HFRS | Asia | Incidence | RR | 1 million Hectar of Forest | 1.357 (1.005,1.791) | Urbanization Level Principal Components 1 | 1.12 (0.87–1.43) |