Table 3.
Prevalence of POUD by Health Conditions, Functional Disabilities, and Behavioral Health Status Within and Across Prescription Opioid Misuse Status Among US Adults With Past-Year Use of Prescription Opioids
| Health conditions, functional disabilities, and behavioral health status | Adults reporting Rx opioid misuse n = 1,556 wtd % (95% CI) | Adults reporting Rx opioid use without misuse n = 9,534 wtd % (95% CI) | Prevalence ratioa (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Health conditions | |||
|
| |||
| Self-rated health | |||
| Excellentb | 9.1 (5.0–15.9) | 2.3 (1.1–4.6) | 4.0 (1.6–10.0) |
| Very good | 12.0 (8.0–17.5) | 2.7 (1.8–4.0) | 4.5 (2.5–8.1) |
| Good | 26.2 (20.5–32.8) | 3.6 (2.8–4.6) | 7.3 (5.2–10.4) |
| Fair/poor | 33.5 (23.8–44.8) | 10.6 (8.7–12.8) | 3.2 (2.3–4.4) |
|
| |||
| PY emergency department visit | |||
| 0b | 18.1 (14.4–22.6) | 3.6 (2.9–4.6) | 5.0 (3.6–6.8) |
| 1–2 | 27.8 (20.9–36.0) | 4.3 (3.2–5.8) | 6.5 (4.2–9.9) |
| ≥3 | 32.0 (20.4–46.4) | 16.4 (11.5–23.0) | 1.9 (1.1–3.5) |
|
| |||
| Hypertension | |||
| Yes | 26.8 (18.8–36.6) | 6.8 (5.3–8.8) | 3.9 (2.6–5.9) |
| Nob | 20.6 (17.1–24.6) | 4.0 (3.4–4.9) | 5.1 (3.9–6.7) |
|
| |||
| Heart disease | |||
| Yes | 38.5 (25.4–53.5) | 8.3 (5.6–12.1) | 4.6 (2.7–7.9) |
| Nob | 19.7 (16.4–23.4) | 4.1 (3.4–5.0) | 4.8 (3.7–6.2) |
|
| |||
| Diabetes mellitus | |||
| Yes | 26.2 (15.7–40.5) | 8.2(5.9–11.3) | 3.2 (1.8–5.7) |
| Nob | 21.2 (17.7–25.2) | 4.1 (3.3–5.1) | 5.1 (3.9–6.7) |
|
| |||
| Cancer | |||
| Yes | c | 7.1 (4.4–11.3) | c |
| Nob | 22.5 (19.1–26.2) | 4.5 (3.9–5.3) | 4.9 (3.9–6.3) |
|
| |||
| Asthma | |||
| Yes | 24.9 (16.2–36.3) | 7.0 (4.7–10.2) | 3.6 (2.1–6.1) |
| Nob | 21.2 (17.7–25.2) | 4.5 (3.7–5.3) | 4.7 (3.7–6.2) |
|
| |||
| COPD | |||
| Yes | c | 10.7 (7.0–15.9) | c |
| Nob | 21.0 (17.8–24.5) | 4.2 (3.6–5.0) | 5.0 (3.9–6.3) |
|
| |||
| Hepatitis B or C | |||
| Yes | c | 12.8 (6.5–23.7) | c |
| Nob | 21.4 (18.0–25.1) | 4.6 (3.9–5.4) | 4.6 (3.6–6.0) |
| Functional disabilities | |||
| Hearing disability | |||
| Yes | 22.0 (16.6–28.4) | 7.0 (5.3–9.3) | 3.1 (2.0–4.8) |
| Nob | 22.2 (18.2–26.8) | 4.2 (3.5–5.0) | 5.3 (4.0–7.0) |
|
| |||
| Vision disability | |||
| Yes | 25.9 (19.8–33.2) | 8.0 (6.4–9.9) | 3.3 (2.3–4.7) |
| Nob | 19.3 (15.8–23.3) | 3.2 (2.6–4.1) | 6.0(4.3–8.2) |
|
| |||
| Cognition disability | |||
| Yes | 27.5 (22.2–33.5) | 8.0 (6.5–9.8) | 3.4 (2.6–4.6) |
| Nob | 16.6 (12.6–21.4) | 2.8 (2.2–3.5) | 6.0 (4.1–8.7) |
|
| |||
| Mobility disability | |||
| Yes | 34.5 (24.9–45.5) | 8.9 (7.4–10.7 | 3.9 (2.9–5.2) |
| Nob | 17.1 (13.6–21.2) | 2.8 (2.0–3.8) | 6.2 (4.1–9.1) |
|
| |||
| Communication disability | |||
| Yes | 37.5 (28.4–47.5) | 11.3 (8.5–14.7) | 3.3 (2.3–4.9) |
| Nob | 19.5 (15.7–23.9) | 4.2 (3.5–5.0) | 4.7 (3.5–6.3) |
|
| |||
| Self-care disability | |||
| Yes | 37.7 (27.0–49.7) | 13.6 (10.4–17.7) | 2.8 (1.9–3.9) |
| Nob | 19.1 (15.3–23.5) | 3.9 (3.1–4.8) | 4.9 (3.6–6.8) |
|
| |||
| Sum of disabilities | |||
| 0b | 14.5 (10.5–19.6) | 1.5 (1.0–2.4) | 9.4 (5.4–16.3) |
| 1 | 15.4 (10.4–22.2) | 4.2 (2.9–6.0) | 3.7 (2.3–6.0) |
| 2 | 28.1 (20.4–37.4) | 4.2 (2.6–6.7) | 6.7 (3.5–13.0) |
| 3 | 23.3 (14.9–34.6) | 7.3 (4.9–10.8) | 3.2 (1.8–5.8) |
| ≥4 | 39.3 (28.6–51.1) | 14.2 (10.8–18.4) | 2.8 (1.9–4.0) |
| Mental health problems | |||
| PY MDE | |||
| Yes | 33.9 (24.7–44.5) | 12.0 (9.3–15.3) | 2.8 (2.0–4.1) |
| Nob | 18.3 (14.5–22.9) | 4.0 (3.3–4.9) | 4.6 (3.3–6.3) |
|
| |||
| PY suicidal ideation | |||
| Yes | 34.4 (23.8–46.8) | 10.9 (7.0–16.6) | 3.2 (1.8–5.5) |
| Nob | 20.3 (16.7–24.5) | 4.6 (3.8–5.5) | 4.4 (3.4–5.7) |
| Substance use problems | |||
| PM nicotine dependence | |||
| Yes | 38.7 (30.7–47.3) | 9.4 (7.3–12.0) | 4.1 (2.9–5.7) |
| Nob | 15.5 (12.7–18.7) | 4.1 (3.3–5.0) | 3.8 (2.9–5.0) |
|
| |||
| PY alcohol use and disorder | |||
| Use disorder | 26.4 (20.6–33.0) | 6.0 (4.3–8.5) | 4.4 (2.9–6.5) |
| Use, no disorder | 15.6 (11.7–20.5) | 2.8 (2.1–3.6) | 5.6 (4.0–8.0) |
| useb | 29.7 (21.4–39.7) | 8.4 (6.6–10.6) | 3.5 (2.4–5.2) |
|
| |||
| PY cannabis use and disorder | |||
| Use disorder | 27.8 (20.2–37.0) | 8.6 (4.8–15.1) | 3.2 (1.7–6.0) |
| Use, no disorder | 17.6 (12.1–25.0) | 4.2 (2.9–6.2) | 4.2 (2.5–7.1) |
| No useb | 22.0 (16.7–28.3) | 4.8 (4.0–5.8) | 4.6 (3.4–6.3) |
|
| |||
| PY cocaine use and disorder | |||
| Use or use disorder | 45.5 (33.1–58.4) | 9.0 (3.6–20.9) | 5.0 (2.0–12.8) |
| No useb | 18.2 (15.1–21.8) | 4.8 (4.1–5.7) | 3.8 (2.9–4.9) |
|
| |||
| PY heroin use and disorder | |||
| Use or use disorder | 69.5 (53.6–81.8) | 17.1 (5.2–43.8) | 4.1 (1.3–12.5) |
| No useb | 18.5 (15.5–21.9) | 4.9 (4.2–5.7) | 3.8 (3.0–4.8) |
|
| |||
| PY Rx sedative/tranquilizer use, misuse, or use disorder | |||
| Use disorder | 82.8 (71.2–90.4) | 36.2 (23.6–51.1) | 2.3 (1.5–3.4) |
| Misuse, no disorder | 18.3 (11.3–28.3) | 14.6 (5.9–31.7) | 1.3 (0.4–3.6) |
| Use, no misuse, no disorder | 19.8 (13.4–28.2) | 6.1 (4.7–8.0) | 3.2 (2.0–5.2) |
| No useb | 14.9 (11.0–19.8) | 3.7 (3.0–4.5) | 4.1 (2.9–5.7) |
|
| |||
| PY Rx stimulant use, misuse, or use disorder | |||
| Use disorder | 76.5 (65.5–84.8) | 21.8 (11.0–38.7) | 3.5 (1.8–6.7) |
| Misuse, no disorder | 22.2 (13.8–33.8) | 00.6 (0.1–4.8) | 35.0 (4.2–290.8) |
| Use, no misuse, no disorder | 15.3 (8.5–26.1) | 4.5 (2.7–7.6) | 3.4 (1.8–6.5) |
| No useb | 20.4 (16.4–25.1) | 4.9 (4.1–5.8) | 4.2 (3.2–5.5) |
a
For each prevalence ratio, the reference group is the group of adults reporting Rx opioid use without misuse.
b
Within each group, bolded estimates were statistically significantly different from the corresponding estimate from the reference group indicated with superscript b (P < .05).
c
Estimate suppressed due to low statistical precision.
Abbreviations: COPD = chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, MDE = major depressive episode, PM = past-month, POUD = prescription-related opioid use disorder, PY = past-year, Rx = prescription, wtd = weighted.