Zwar 1999.

Methods	Design: patient or provider level RCT
Participants	Country: Australia Setting: primary care or outpatient Specialty: GP/family physicians N health professionals: 157 N patients: ‐
Interventions	Description of Groups: AF + educational outreach vs control
Outcomes	Targeted behaviour: rate of antibiotic prescribing for urti Baseline performance: unclear
Notes	Format: written Source: investigators Frequency: once only Instructions: no explicit target or action plan Nature of change: decrease
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Unable to assess
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Low risk	Cluster trial, allocation after recruitment completed
Blinding (performance bias and detection bias) All outcomes	High risk	Self report data
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	Unable to assess impact of dropout
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	Low risk	Appropriate outcomes reported
Baseline similar?	Low risk	Trainees similar at baseline
No contamination?	Unclear risk	Unable to assess
Risk of bias overall?	High risk	Lack of blinding

ACE: angiotensin‐converting‐enzyme (inhibitor) 
 AF: audit and feedback 
 AMI: acute myocardial infarction 
 BB: beta blocker 
 CABG: coronary artery bypass graft 
 CHD: coronary heart disease 
 CHF: congestive heart failure 
 CQI: continuous quality improvement 
 CV: cardiovascular 
 DVT: deep vein thrombosis 
 EMR: electronic medical record 
 ER: emergency room 
 FOBT: faecal occult blood test 
 MI: myocardial infarction 
 MRI: magnetic resonance imaging 
 NSAID: non‐steroidal inflammatory drug 
 RCT: randomised controlled trial 
 Rx; treatment 
 QA: quality assurance 
 QI: quality improvement 
 UTI: urinary tract infection 
 vs: versus 
 VTE: venous thromboembolism