Tissue and recombinant protein samples with HMGR activity (5–10 μg of protein in each sample) were incubated for 30 min alone in HMGR buffer without KH2PO4 (control), with 1 unit of lambda protein phosphatase (Phosphatase), with 1×10−8 M ATP (ATP) or with 1×10−8 M ATP plus approx. 100 μg of rat liver whole homogenate (ATP+rat liver homogenate). For both treatments containing ATP, EDTA was removed from the HMGR buffer. HMGR activity [nmol·(mg of protein)−1·min−1, ±S.E.M., n=4 determinations] was measured after treatment. N.D., not determined.