Figure 1.
Schematic representation of potential interaction mechanisms between sex hormones and ncRNA regarding RCC formation. (1) Function via altering circRNA with inhibiting effect of ER-β on transcription of circRNA, 116 promoting effect of ER-β on transcription of circRNA 120 and direct effect of AR on circRNA function. 137 (2) The interaction between AR and lncRNA with chromatin has a synergistic effect on the activities that affect the intrachromosomal genes located nearby. 133 (3) The effect of AR on miRNA expression occurs through the direct binding of its candidate AREs in the promoter region. 136 (4) The function and stability of a protein is influenced by its interaction with lncRNA, thereby impacting interactions between the protein and miRNA. 134 (5) Direct interaction with AR can regulate the ceRNA activity, resulting in an increased effect of the competing miRNA. 132
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ARE, androgen response elements; ceRNA, competitive endogenous RNA; circRNA, circular RNAs; lncRNA, long noncoding RNA; miRNA, microRNA.