Table 2.
Studies characterizing sex hormone interactions with ncRNA during cross-talk in renal cell cancer.
| Sex hormone axis | HR/ncRNA interaction | ncRNA effect | Pathway | Regulation | Effect on RCC | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Androgen | AR/ASS1P3 | ↓ ASS1P3 | miRNA-34a-5p/ASS1 | ↑ | • Tumour proliferation • Tumour progression |
(132) |
| AR/HOTAIR | ↑ HOTAIR | GLI2/VEGFA + PDGFA/CSC (SOX2, OCT4, NANOG, SLUG) | ↑ | • Tumour angiogenesis • Cancer stemness |
(133) | |
| lncRNA-SARCC/AR/miRNA-143-3p | AR ↓ miRNA-143-3p lncRNA-SARCC ↓ AR |
AKT; MMP-13; K-RAS; P-ERK | ↑ | • Tumour cell migration • Tumour proliferation • Tumour progression |
(134) | |
| lncRNA-SARCC/AR | lncRNA-SARCC modulates the AR under different oxygen conditions | HIF-2α/C-MYC | ↑↓ | • Suppresses tumour progression under hypoxia • Induces tumour progression under normoxia |
(135) | |
| AR/miRNA-185-5p | AR ↑ miRNA-185-5p expression miRNA-185-5p ↓ VEGF-c and ↑ HIF-2α/VEGFA expression |
VEGF-c HIF-2α/VEGFA |
↑↓ | • Increases haematogenous metastasis • Decreases lymphatic metastasis |
(136) | |
| AR/circHIAT1 | AR ↓ circHIAT1 resulting in deregulating miR-195-5p/29a-3p/29c-3p expressions, which ↑ CDC42 expression | miRNA-195-5p, miRNA-29-3p, miRNA-29-3p/CDC42 |
↑ | • Tumour cell migration • Tumour cell invasion |
(137) | |
| AR /miRNA-145 | AR ↓ miRNA-145 | HIF-2α/VEGFA, MMP-9, CCND1 | ↑ | • Tumour cell invasion • Tumour cell proliferation |
(138) | |
| Oestrogen | ER-β/circATP2B1 | ER-β ↓ the expression of circATP2B1 CircATP2B1 ↓ miRNA-204-3p, which caused the ↑ expression of FN1 |
miRNA-204-3p/FN1 | ↑ | • Tumour cell migration • Tumour progression |
(116) |
| ER-β/HOTAIR | ER-β ↑ HOTAIR expression HOTAIR ↓ various miRNA and their suppressive effect on different oncogenes |
miRNA-138/ADAM9 miRNA-204/CCND2 miRNA-217/VEGFA, VIM, ZEB1, ZEB2 miRNA-200c/ZEB1, ZEB2 |
↑ | • Tumour cell migration • Tumour proliferation • Tumour cell invasion |
(115) | |
| lncRNA-ECVSR/ER-β | lncRNA-ECVSR ↑ ER-β miRNA stability ER-β → Hif2-α ↑ Hif2-α → CSC phenotype and VM formation ↑ |
HIF-2α/VM formation | ↑ | • Tumour angiogenesis | (119) | |
| ER-β/circDGKD | ER-β → circDGKD expression ↑ CircDGKD sponge miRNA-125-5p miRNA-125-5p → VE-cadherin ↑ |
miRNA-125-5p/VE-cadherin | ↑ | • Tumour angiogenesis | (120) |
AR, androgen receptor; ASS1, argininosuccinate synthase 1; CDC42, cell division cycle 42 protein; circATP2B1, circular RNA ATPase plasma membrane transporter 2B1; circDGKD, circular RNA DGKD; CSC, cancer stem cell; ER, oestrogen receptor; FN1, fibronectin 1; HOTAIR, HOX transcript antisense intergenic RNA; K-RAS, Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene; lncRNA, long noncoding RNA; miRNA, micro RNA; ncRNA, noncoding RNA; PDGFA, Platelet derived growth factor subunit A; RCC, renal cell carcinoma; VE-cadherin, vascular endothelial cadherin; VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor; VM, vasculogenic mimicry; ↑, promoting effect; ↓, inhibiting effect.