Fig. 8.

CBD treatment enhanced net hippocampal neurogenesis and the status of hippocampal neurogenesis in rats with chronic Gulf War Illness (GWI). a Figures illustrate examples of BrdU⁺ newly born cells in the SGZ-GCL of the hippocampus from naïve control, GWI-VEH, and GWI-CBD groups (scale bar = 25 µm). The bar chart compares the number of BrdU⁺ newly born cells in the SGZ-GCL of the hippocampus across groups. b Figures illustrate examples of BrdU⁺ cells expressing the neuronal marker, NeuN (arrows) from naïve control, GWI-VEH, and GWI-CBD groups (scale bar = 25 µm). Arrows denote BrdU⁺ cells expressing the neuronal marker NeuN. Bar charts compare percentages of BrdU⁺ cells expressing NeuN across groups. c The bar chart compares net hippocampal neurogenesis in the SGZ-GCL of the hippocampus across groups. d Figures illustrate examples of DCX⁺ newly born neurons from naïve control, GWI-VEH, and GWI-CBD groups (scale bar = 25 µm). The bar chart compares the number of DCX⁺ neurons between different groups. ^**P < 0.01, ^****P < 0.0001, ns non-significant. Please refer to Table S3 in Additional file 1 for detailed statistical information. CBD cannabidiol, BrdU 5’-bromodeoxyuridine, VEH vehicle, NeuN neuron-specific nuclear antigen, DCX doublecortin, ML molecular layer, GCL granule cell layer, SGZ subgranular zone