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. 2024 Aug 22;22:336. doi: 10.1186/s12916-024-03524-7

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© The Author(s) 2024

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 1 — Flow of literature on the effect of substituting soymilk for cow’s milk on intermediate cardiometabolic outcomes. Exclusion criteria: duplicate, abstract only (conference abstract), non-human (animal study), in vitro, review/position paper/commentary/letter, observational (observational study), no soymilk (intervention was not soymilk), children (participants < 18 years of age), no suitable comparator (comparator was not cow’s milk), isolated soy protein (an ISP powder was given to participants), acute (follow-up of < 3 weeks), combined intervention (effects of intervention and comparator could not be isolated), wrong endpoint (no data for outcomes of interest), alternative publication (repeated data from original publication)