Table 1.
Summary characteristics for the main analysis
| Total (17 trials), N (range) or median (range) | Sweetened soymilk (11 trials), N (range) or median (range) | Unsweetened soymilk (6 trials), N (range) or median (range) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Participants | 25 (7–60) | 24 (21–40) | 34 (7–60) |
| Health status a | 4 HC, 4 OW/OB, 3 healthy, 2 T2D, 2 PM, 1 HTN, 1 RA | 3 HC, 2 OW/OB, 2 healthy, 2 PM, 1 HTN, 1 RA | 1 HC, 2 OW/OB, 1 healthy, 2 T2D |
| Sex | 392 females, 112 males | 229 females, 70 males | 163 females, 42 males |
| Age, years | 48.5 (20–70) | 46 (18–70) | 44.5 (20–56) |
| BMI, kg/m 2 | 27.9 (20–31.1) | 26 (22.5–31.1) | 28 (24.9–30.9) |
| Setting b | 17 OP | 11 OP | 6 OP |
| Setting; country | 7 Iran, 3 US, 2 Italy, 1 Brazil, 1 Scotland, 1 Sweden, 1 Spain, 1 Australia | 3 Iran, 3 US, 2 Italy, 1 Sweden, 1 Spain, 1 Australia | 4 Iran, 1 Brazil, 1 Scotland |
| Design | 10 control, 7 parallel | 7 control, 4 parallel | 3 control, 3 parallel |
| Background diet | 12 energy neutral, 3 energy reduced, 2 protein limited | 7 habitual, 2 energy reduced, 2 protein limited | 5 energy neutral, 1 energy reduced |
| Follow-up, weeks | 4 (4–16) | 4 (4–16) | 5 (4–8) |
| Funding sources | 1 industry, 8 agency, 4 agency and industry, 4 undisclosed | 1 industry, 4 agency, 2 agency and industry, 4 undisclosed | 4 agency, 2 agency and industry |
| Soymilk | |||
| Added sugars | 11 yes, 6 no | 11 yes | 6 no |
| Volume, mL | 500 (240–1000) | 500 (240–1000) | 450 (240–1000) |
| Total sugars, g/day | 17.2 (4–32) | 19.2 (4–32) | 4 (0–5) |
| Total sugars, g/250 mL | 6.9 (1–16) | 8 (1–16) | 1.3 (0–3.6) |
| Protein, g/day | 22 (2.5–70) | 24 (2.5–70) | 14 (2.5–37) |
| Protein, g/250 mL | 6.6 (2.6–35) | 7.5 (2.6–35) | 6.3 (2.5–37) |
| Cow’s milk | |||
| Added sugars | 17 no | 0 yes | 17 no |
| Volume, mL | 500 (236–1000) | 500 (240–1000) | 450 (240–1000) |
| Total sugars, g/day | 24 (11.5–49.2) | 24 (11.9–49.2) | 21.6 (11.5–48) |
| Total sugars, g/250 mL | 12 (10.8–12.8) | 12 (11.8–12.8) | 12 (10.8–12.3) |
| Protein, g/day | 24 (3.3–70) | 24 (3.3–70) | 15 (3.3–35) |
| Protein, g/250 mL | 8.3 (3.4–35) | 8.5 (3.4–35) | 8.3 (3.4–8.3) |
| Fat content c | 2 skim, 3 low fat, 8 reduced fat, 1 whole, 3 undisclosed | 1 skim, 2 low fat, 5 reduced fat, 1 whole, 2 undisclosed | 1 skim, 1 low fat, 3 reduced fat, 1 undisclosed |
aOW/OB, overweight or obesity; PM, post-menopausal; HC, hypercholesterolemic; RA, rheumatoid arthritis; T2D, type 2 diabetic; HTN, hypertensive. bOP, outpatient. cSkim: 0% milk fat, low fat: 1% milk fat, reduced fat: 1.5–2.5% milk fat, whole: 3% milk fat