Table 3.

Changes in glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and ambulatory glucose profile (AGP) before, during, and after Ramadan regarding gender and age (n = 93).

Variables	Gender			Age
	Male	Female	P value	≤50 years	>50 years	P value
Glycated hemoglobin (A1c)
Before/During Ramadan	−0.29 ± 0.21	−0.25 ± 0.28	0.488	−0.25 ± 0.24	−0.32 ± 0.27	0.217
During/After Ramadan	0.16 ± 0.35	0.17 ± 0.27	0.822	0.16 ± 0.34	0.17 ± 0.26	0.950
Average glucose (mg/dL)
Before/During Ramadan	−5.69 ± 16.33	−8.11 ± 21.29	0.538	−7.87 ± 20.36	−4.37 ± 14.51	0.418
During/After Ramadan	8.13 ± 24.20	2.49 ± 21.55	0.240	5.18 ± 23.99	5.93 ± 20.83	0.888
Glucose Management Indicator (GMI %)
Before/During Ramadan	−0.15 ± 0.13	−0.16 ± 0.17	0.910	−0.15 ± 0.12	−0.16 ± 0.21	0.893
During/After Ramadan	0.035 ± 0.19	0.0022 ± 0.16	0.364	0.02 ± 0.18	0.02 ± 0.18	0.920
Glycemic variability (GV %)
Before/During Ramadan	−1.68 ± 9.39	−2.72 ± 11.16	0.629	−2.04 ± 10.71	−2.54 ± 9.19	0.832
During/After Ramadan	3.54 ± 9.46	2.26 ± 9.97	0.526	3.31 ± 9.99	1.98 ± 8.96	0.550
Target Range 70–180 mg/dL (TIR %)
Before/During Ramadan	9.60 ± 18.27	8.53 ± 15.97	0.765	8.62 ± 17.69	10.22 ± 15.84	0.684
During/After Ramadan	−8.66 ± 18.55	−7.38 ± 17.07	0.737	−9.09 ± 18.37	−5.44 ± 17.33	0.380
Time above Range 181–250 ‬mg/dL (TAR %)
Before/During Ramadan	−4.32 ± 5.97	−7.93 ± 7.59	0.012	−5.44 ± 7.39	−7.59 ± 5.81	0.181
During/After Ramadan	4.27 ± 6.71	7.67 ± 7.98	0.028	5.45 ± 7.66	7.03 ± 7.12	0.346
% TAR above 250 mg/Dl
Before/During Ramadan	0.90 ± 3.55	0.24 ± 2.72	0.313	0.17 ± 3.19	1.58 ± 2.98	0.053
During/After Ramadan	−0.95 ± 3.46	−0.40 ± 2.63	0.391	−0.40 ± 3.05	−1.38 ± 3.12	0.169
% TBR below 70 mg/dL (54–69 ‬mg/dL)
Before/During Ramadan	0.27 ± 0.96	0.07 ± 0.99	0.315	0.27 ± 0.99	−0.07 ± 0.92	0.120
During/After Ramadan	−0.23 ± 1.03	0.96 ± 1.10	0.529	−0.27 ± 1.10	0.11 ± 0.93	0.116
% TBR below 54 mg/dL
Before/During Ramadan	0.10 ± 0.42	0.24 ± 0.48	0.142	0.17 ± 0.48	0.19 ± 0.39	0.860
During/After Ramadan	−0.10 ± 0.37	−0.20 ± 0.55	0.330	−0.18 ± 0.49	−0.07 ± 0.38	0.313
% Time Sensor is Active
Before/During Ramadan	4.06 ± 7.74	4.80 ± 8.46	0.662	4.82 ± 7.77	3.44 ± 8.80	0.459
During/After Ramadan	−4.81 ± 7.56	−4.80 ± 8.46	0.994	−5.36 ± 7.59	−3.44 ± 8.80	0.294
Low glucose events (episodes/28 days)
Before/During Ramadan	0.25 ± 1.77	−0.38 ± 1.75	0.089	0.18 ± 1.82	−0.63 ± 1.55	0.045
During/After Ramadan	−0.73 ± 2.00	0.00 ± 1.70	0.062	−0.53 ± 1.94	0.00 ± 1.75	0.222

P values less than 0.05 are considered to indicate statistical significance.

Numerical data are presented as the means (SD).