Figure 1. Stimulation of mitochondrial Ca²⁺ uptake by several natural flavonoids in permeabilized cells.

MM5 cells expressing mitochondrially targeted mutated aequorin reconstituted with coelenterazine n were permeabilized as described in the Experimental section. Then a Ca²⁺ buffer containing 3.5 μM [Ca²⁺] was perfused either in the absence (Control) or in the presence of different concentrations of each compound, as indicated. The results are representative of 3–5 experiments for each compound.