Table 4.
Multiple-group mediation models testing monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) genotype differences in associations between maternal punitiveness (MP) at age 1.5, aggressive response generation (ARG) at age 10, violent attitudes at age 17, official arrests, and antisocial behavior at ages 20 and 22
| Low-Activity MAOA Group’s b (SE) β | High-Activity MAOA Group’s b (SE) β | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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|
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| Dependent Variable | Racial Group | MP → ARG | MP → DV | ARG → DV | MP → ARG | MP → DV | ARG → DV | Δχ2 (df) | Model χ2 (df) | RMSEA SRMR |
| Violent attitudes | #4 African American |
1.31 (0.24) .69*** R2 = .48 |
8.76 (3.00) .75** R2 = .30 |
−3.40 (1.37) −.55* |
−0.46 (0.46) −.14 R2 = .02 |
1.34 (2.41) .06 R2 = .02 |
−068 (1.64) −.10 |
38.17 p < .001 (3) |
0.00 (0) | 0.000 0.000 |
| #10 Caucasian | 1.30 (0.17) .56*** R2 = .31 |
6.10 (1.37) .44*** R2 = .25 |
0.62 (0.68) .10 |
−0.25 (0.23) −.11 R2 = .01 |
0.21 (1.06) .02 R2 = .01 |
0.62 (0.68) .12 |
32.45 p < .001 (2) |
0.12 (1) | 0.000 0.012 |
|
| Official arrests | #5 African American |
1.25 (0.21) .68*** R2 = .46 |
−0.08 (0.05) −.26† R2 = .10 |
0.07 (0.02) .43** |
−0.58 (0.37) −.17 R2 = .03 |
0.19 (0.14) .30 R2 = .18 |
0.07 (0.02) .36** |
19.87 p < .001 (2) |
0.01 (1) | 0.000 0.002 |
| #11 Caucasian | 1.30 (0.17) .56*** R2 = .31 |
0.04 (0.03) .11 R2 = .03 |
0.01 (0.02) .08 |
−0.24 (0.22) −.10 R2 = .01 |
0.04 (0.03) .15 R2 = .03 |
0.01 (0.02) .12 |
10.84 p < .001 (1) |
1.54 (2) | 0.000 0.030 |
|
| Antisocial behavior | #6 African American |
1.26 (0.22) .68*** R2 = .47 |
2.00 (1.06) .19† R2 = .09 |
0.78 (0.55) .14 |
−0.54 (0.44) −.16 R2 = .03 |
2.00 (1.06) .17† R2 = .07 |
0.78 (0.55) .22 |
44.10 p < .001 (1) |
0.69 (2) | 0.000 0.033 |
| #12 Caucasian | 1.30 (0.17) .56*** R2 = .31 |
3.88 (1.48) .36** R2 = .11 |
−0.28 (0.78) −.06 |
−0.24 (0.22) −.10 R2 = .01 |
0.00 (1.51) .00 R2 = .003 |
−0.28 (0.78) −.05 |
21.13 p < .001 (2) |
0.48 (1) | 0.000 0.024 |
|
Note: Significant chi-square difference (Δχ2) tests indicate differences between low- and high-activity MAOA allele carriers; shaded cells are the unstandardized (b) and standardized (b) coefficients estimated separately for MAOA groups. Standard errors (SE) and p values are from b estimates, and R2 values represent amount of variance in mediator or dependent variables explained by model. All comparative fit index (CFI) values equal 1.00. Hash marks (#) with numbers indicate specific multiple-group mediation models summarized in Table 2. RMSEA, Root mean square error of approximation; SRMR, standardized root mean square residual.
p < .10.
p < .05.
p < .01.
p < .001.