Table 2.

Summary of probability and timeline of common treatment-related side effects from large prospective studies.

SE	Baseline	6 mos	1 year	2 years	3 years	5 years	9 years	15 years
Surgical
Erectile Dysfunction (insufficient for penetration)
PCOS	16%a	80%a	72%a	60%a	-	77%b	-	87%a
CAESAR	39%c	80%c	74%c	-	70%c	-	-	-
QOL	17%d	84%d	75%d	64%d	-	-	-	-
Urinary Incontinence (moderate or big problem in EPIC)
PCOS	3%a	25%a	14%a	8%d	-	14%b	-	17%e
CAESAR	7%c	19%c	15%c	-	14%c	-	-	-
QOL	2%d	9%d	8%d	8%d	-	-	-	-
Urinary Incontinence (requiring pads)
PCOS	2%a	50%a	27%a	21%a	-	29%b	-	38%e
CAESAR	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
QOL	1%d	34%d	24%d	20%d			-
Radiation
Irritative Lower Urinary Tract Symptomsf
PCOS	14%g	13%g	8%g	8%g	-	9%b	-	-
CAESAR	22%c	18%c	15%c	-	15%c	-	-	-
QOL	16%d	19%d	13%d	14%d	-	-	-	-
Erectile Dysfunction (insufficient for penetration)
PCOS	42%g	54%g	54%g	63%g	-	73%b	-	94%e
CAESAR	56%c	71%c	72%c	-	71%c	-	-	-
QOL	48%d	62%d	64%d	66%d	-	-	-	-
Bowel Dysfunction (moderate or big problem in EPIC)
PCOS	7%g	14%g	10%g	9%g	-	5%b	-	16%e
CAESAR	4%c	8%c	8%c	-	6%c	-	-	-
QOL	3%d	9%d	9%d	11%d	-	-	-	-
Bowel Bleeding
PCOS	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
CAESAR	1%c	1%c	2%c	-	2%c	-	-	-
QOL	1%d	1%d	5%d	5%d	-	-	-	-
Secondary Malignancy (RT vs Non-RT)
Secondary Bladder malignancy	-	-	-	-			1.8% vs 1.1%h
Secondary Colorectal malignancy	-	-	-	-			0.4% vs. 0.3%h

- Indicates not reported.

PCOS prostate cancer outcomes study, CEASAR comparative effectiveness analysis study of surgery and radiation for clinically localized prostate cancer, QOL quality of life.

^aStanford et al., JAMA 2000.

^bPotosky et al., JNCI 2004.

^cBarocas et al., JAMA 2017.

^dSanda et al., NEJM 2008.

^eResnick et al.,NEJM 2013.

^fIrritative lower urinary tract symptoms were reported as frequent urination >1/2 the time in PCOS, and as a moderate or big problem in EPIC in CAESAR and QOL.

^gHamilton et al., JCO 2001.

^hBagshaw et al., JAMA NO 2022.