Table 4.
Parameter estimates for multivariate growth models of youth internalizing symptoms: subscales for non-supportive parental responses to distress
| Punitive |
Minimization |
Distress |
|||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Estimate | SE | p | Estimate | SE | p | Estimate | SE | p | |
| Unadjusted Model (N = 256) | |||||||||
|
| |||||||||
| Cov(Intercepts) | .001 | .02 | .95 | − .01 | .03 | .59 | .02 | .02 | .35 |
|
| |||||||||
| Cov(Slopes) | − .002 | .001 | .07 | .00 | .001 | .74 | − .002 | .001 | .03 |
|
| |||||||||
| Cov(Ix, Sy) | .01 | .01 | .06 | .004 | .01 | .59 | .01 | .01 | .08 |
|
| |||||||||
| Cov(Iy, Sx) | .01 | .004 | .03 | .01 | .01 | .20 | .01 | .01 | .03 |
|
| |||||||||
| Cov(Residuals) | .002 | .003 | .50 | .004 | .01 | .41 | − .003 | .004 | .49 |
|
| |||||||||
| Race (n = 216) a | |||||||||
|
| |||||||||
| Race → I(x) | .07 | .11 | .52 | .85 | .17 | < .001 | − .40 | .13 | .003 |
|
| |||||||||
| Race → I(y) | − .06 | .04 | .13 | − .06 | .04 | .12 | − .06 | .04 | .13 |
|
| |||||||||
| Race → S(x) | .04 | .02 | .07 | .08 | .03 | .01 | .05 | .03 | .10 |
|
| |||||||||
| Race → S(y) | .002 | .01 | .83 | .002 | .01 | .86 | .002 | .01 | .88 |
|
| |||||||||
| Sex (N = 256) a | |||||||||
|
| |||||||||
| Sex → I(x) | .14 | .11 | .17 | .14 | .16 | .40 | .09 | .13 | .49 |
|
| |||||||||
| Sex →I(y) | − .13 | .04 | .001 | − .13 | .04 | .001 | − .13 | .04 | .001 |
|
| |||||||||
| Sex → S(x) | − .05 | .02 | .02 | − .06 | .03 | .08 | − .03 | .03 | .34 |
|
| |||||||||
| Sex → S(y) | − .004 | .01 | .69 | − .004 | .01 | .69 | − .01 | .01 | .60 |
Notes. X = parental responses to distress. Y = youth internalizing symptoms. Cov = covariance. I = intercept. S = slope. Sex (female = 0; male = 1). Race (White = 0; Black = 1).
a
Estimates for all growth parameters for the models including race and sex are reported in supplemental tables S2–S7.