Table 2:
Examples of DRs discussed in this review (see also main text).
| DR | Pathophysiology and prognosis | Therapeutic potential |
|---|---|---|
| Inflammation DRs | ||
| IL-1R2 | Binds to IL-1 cytokines, regulates inflammation in cardiovascular diseases | Anakinra used for autoimmune diseases, with potential impact in heart failure |
| sTNFRs | Compete with TNF-α receptors, predict CKD progression and cardiovascular events | Etanercept approved for rheumatoid arthritis, biosimilars available |
| TRAIL DRs | Involved in apoptosis, lower levels linked to cardiovascular diseases | Promising in cancer treatment, no studies in cardiovascular or kidney diseases |
| DR for IL-6 | Binds to IL-6, associated with increased cardiovascular risk | Research ongoing for potential treatment in inflammatory diseases |
| DcR1 | Binds to TRAIL ligand, regulates apoptosis pathways | Potential role in cancer therapy |
| DcR2 | Binds to TRAIL ligand, modulates apoptosis signalling pathways | Investigated for cancer treatment |
| DcR3 | Binds to Fas ligand and LIGHT, regulates immune responses and cell death | Implicated in autoimmune diseases, potential therapeutic target |
| DR for IL-17 | Binds to IL-17 cytokines, regulates inflammation and immune responses | Investigated for autoimmune diseases and inflammatory conditions |
| Cardiovascular DRs | ||
| DR for VEGF | Binds to VEGF, modulates angiogenesis and vascular permeability | Potential target in cancer therapy and retinal vascular diseases |
| RAGE (Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products) | Binds to advanced glycation end products, implicated in inflammation and vascular dysfunction | Potential target for diabetic complications and cardiovascular diseases |
| DR for PDGF | Binds to PDGF, regulates cell growth and proliferation in cardiovascular diseases | Investigated for potential use in vascular remodelling and fibrosis |