Table 1. The sociodemographic attributes of the participating populations.

Study	Study design	City	Participants	Mean age	Males (%)
Yousef et al. (2022) [10]	Retrospective cohort	Al‑Khobar	42	7.18±3.38	22 (52.4%)
Hasanato (2019) [11]	Cross-sectional	Riyadh	33	8.5±4.1	19 (57.5%)
Abd El-Ghany et al. (2021) [12]	Retrospective cohort	Jeddah	94	7.29±3.82	56 (59.6%)
Abd Elmoneim et al. (2019) [13]	Retrospective cohort	Al Madinah	739	14.2±2.1	414 (56%)
Hanafy et al. (2020) [14]	Retrospective cohort	Tabuk	58	9	33 (56.9%)
Sehlo and Kamfar (2015) [15]	Case-control	Jeddah	120	11.9	64 (53.3%)
AlAmeer et al. (2021) [16]	Cross-sectional	Jazan	484	1-15	237 (49%)
Elsayid et al. (2015) [17]	Retrospective cohort	Riyadh	3332	NM	1889 (56.7%)
Alzomor et al. (2022) [18]	Retrospective cohort	Riyadh	30	3.7±2.7	17 (57%)
Basuni et al. (2023) [19]	Retrospective cohort	Jeddah	101	NM	58 (57.4%)
Alotaibi et al. (2018) [20]	Cross-sectional	Riyadh	70	6.5-11	39 (55.7%)
Yousef et al. (2022) [21]	Retrospective cohort	Al-Khobar	42	6-24	22 (52.4%)
Alzahrani et al. (2020) [22]	Cross-sectional	Jeddah	322	2-18	165 (51.2%)
Abulhamail et al. (2022) [23]	Cross-sectional	Jeddah	150	9.5±4.3	78 (53%)
Al-Otaibi et al. (2017) [24]	Cross-sectional	Riyadh	65	8.1	32 (49.2%)
Alsaif et al. (2021) [25]	Retrospective cohort	Al Ahsa	320	5.3±2.9	185 (58%)
Basuni et al. (2023) [19]	Retrospective cohort	Jeddah	99	NM	49 (49.4%
Alzahrani et al. (2021) [27]	Retrospective cohort	Jeddah	102	7.9±4.2	45 (44%)
Hazzazi et al. (2020) [28]	Cross-sectional	Jazan	446	27.9±23.6	206 (51.2%)