Box 1.

Key terms

Term	Definition
Cost-effectiveness analysis	A method of economic evaluation where costs of alternative programs, related to the same effect or outcome, are compared. The results of these analyses are presented as the incremental cost per unit of the outcome (Drummond et al., 2015).
Cost-benefit analysis	A method of economic evaluation where both costs and outcomes are measured in monetary terms. The costs and outcomes are combined, and results presented as net monetary benefit (Drummond et al., 2015).
Perspective	It is the viewpoint from which the economic evaluation is conducted (Drummond et al., 2015).
Healthcare provider perspective	An analysis conducted from the health system perspective includes costs regardless of payer to provide healthcare and deliver services borne by the health system or provider (Sittimart et al., 2024).
Healthcare payer perspective	An analysis conducted from the healthcare payer perspective includes the costs incurred by a third-party health organisation related to health care services. This perspective does not include costs incurred by the broader health system or provider (Sittimart et al., 2024).
Societal perspective	An analysis conducted from the societal perspective is the broadest and includes all healthcare costs including costs of travel, loss of productivity including costs for a carer (Sittimart et al., 2024).
Time-horizon	The time horizon used for an economic evaluation is the duration over which health outcomes and costs are calculated (York Health Economics Consortium, 2016).