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. 2024 Jun 28;5:700–706. doi: 10.1109/OJEMB.2024.3420747

TABLE III. Summary of Features Extraction Methods.

Category Examples
Physical features activity duration [21], [22], max Doppler shift [21], [22], peak-to-peak bandwidth [21], [22], mean power of Doppler [21], [22], standard deviation of Doppler power [21], [22]
Time-Frequency domain features Doppler spectrogram [6], [7], [15], [16], [17], [20], [26], [27], [28], [29], [38], Doppler strength [6], Doppler shift of the dominant peak at each time index [18], spectral power along Doppler frequency [18], PCA [19], [20], [21], [25], SVD [21], [23], DCT [25], entropy [25]
Machine/Deep learning-based features HMM [23], CAE [25], CVAE [25]