Fig 2.

A: Multivariable logistic regression model on the association between lineage and the presence of cavity versus no cavity among patients with pulmonary TB, controlling for age and immigration. Estimated odd ratios (ORs) and bars representing 95% confidence intervals (CIs) are shown on the x-axis for lineage 2, 3 and 4, compared to lineage 1 as reference, for each country as well as for all these countries combined. P-values denote evidence of the associations of lineage and cavity. B: Causal mediation analysis (CMA) on the effect of lineage on cavity, mediated by drug resistance. Estimated odds ratio (ORs) and bars representing 95% confidence intervals (CIs) are shown on the y-axis for each of the decomposition effect including NDE: natural direct effect odds ratio; NIE: natural indirect effect odds ratio; and TE: total effect odds ratio of lineage 2, lineage 3, and lineage 4, compared to lineage 1 as reference. All multivariable models adjusted for country, immigration, and age are shown. P-values denote evidence of natural indirect effect of lineage on cavity mediated through drug resistance. The red horizontal lines indicate the thresholds of the results (ORs) of interest.