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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2024 Dec 1.
Published in final edited form as: Nano Energy. 2023 Sep 18;117:108910. doi: 10.1016/j.nanoen.2023.108910

Figure 4. Wearable TENG-based cardiovascular sensors.

Figure 4.

A. Flexible and self-powered ultrasensitive pulse sensor (SUPS). (i) Schematic diagram of TENG. (ii) The linear relationship of SUPS with ECG through the analysis of R–R interval. (iii) The output voltage of SUPS with different structure of friction layers. (iv) The signal output of two SUPS pressed on the radial artery with the distance of 4.5 cm. Reproduced with permission [92]. Copyright 2017, WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim. B. Expandable microsphere-based TENG. (i) Cross-sectional view of the PDMS-microsphere layer. (ii) Deformation process of one unit block when pressure is applied. (iii) Voltage signals recorded during the pulse rate monitoring test. Reproduced with permission [93]. Copyright 2019, Elsevier Ltd. C. Lever-inspired TENG. (i) Schematic diagram of Li-TENG. (ii) Signal diagrams of pulse measurement with Li-TENG. Reproduced with permission [94]. Copyright 2022, Elsevier Ltd.