Table 2.

Sensors and monitors for blood vessels

Function	Device Name	Technical Highlights	Citation
Smart blood vessels	Multifunctional elastomer composites	Good mechanical properties; Multi-layered structure	105
	ePTFE/PHB TENG- based vascular graft	Excellent pressure sensitivity; Supporting tissue regeneration; Detecting hemodynamic conditions	106
	3D-printing in situ-poled ferroelectric artificial arteries	3D printing technology; Superb piezoelectric performance; Desirable mechanical modulus	107
	Small-caliber vascular graft	Spray deposition technology; Great mechanical properties	108
Blood vessel patches	Self-monitoring biosensor for artificial graft	High piezoelectric sensitivity; Low elastic modulus	109
	PETF-based implantable and self-powered monitor	High sensitivity; High output performance in vivo; Monitoring the hypertension status	110
	Bioresorbable triboelectric sensor	Antibacterial bioresorbable material; Identifying abnormal vascular occlusion; Good durability	111
	Perforation-designed smart stent	Unique perforation design	112