(A) In this Venn diagram, each circle represents genes significantly downregulated in human IPF versus control lung samples from each of 3 independent studies. (B) Violin plot of CEBPA expression in epithelial cells from the lungs of patients with and without IPF, from 2 of the human scRNA-Seq data sets analyzed (14, 27). (C) Activation score of Upstream Regulator Analysis (from QIAGEN Ingenuity Pathway Analysis) for the data from the 2 human scRNA-Seq studies in B (14, 27). (D and E) Uniform manifold approximation projection (UMAP) plots of human lung epithelial cells from the 2 scRNA-Seq data sets generated via http://ipfcellatlas.com (F and G) Violin plot of Cebpa expression in the epithelial cells (F) or AT2 cells (G) at different time points (day 0 [D0], D4, D14, D28) after bleomycin injury in the lung of young and aged mice from reanalysis of GSE157995. Data were analyzed using an unpaired, 2-tailed Student’s t test. ****P < 0.0001.