Table 2.
Sleep characteristics in children with Down syndrome and typically developing children.
| All children | Primary snoring | Mild OSA | Moderate/severe OSA | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| TD | DS | TD | DS | TD | DS | TD | DS | |
| Time in bed (min) | 495.8 (476.3–516.9) | 527.8*** (516.0–548.8) | 490.5 (465.5–522.0) | 528.0*** (500.5–571.0) | 513.5 (496.5–520.8) | 535.0* (525.5–566.0) | 488.0 (465.9–516.9) | 524.3** (508.5–531.9) |
| Sleep period time (min) | 470.3 (442.4–492.3) | 494.3** (465.6–519.9) | 452.0 (435.5–493.5) | 488.5 (471.0–527.0) | 483.5 (468.5–498.25) | 516.5 (441.0–528.8) | 454.8 (435.0–482.5) | 488.3* (465.6–513.3) |
| Total sleep time (min) | 428.0 (394.1–467.3) | 430.3 (380.5–469.9) | 428.5 (389.0–455.0) | 432.5 (369.5–480.5) | 459.5 (417.3–478.8) | 430.5 (410.0–466.3) | 406.8 (359.1–466.0) | 423.8 (338.8–477.9) |
| Sleep latency (min) | 22.5 (14.4–43.9) | 20.8 (11.5–47.625) | 24.0 (18–42) | 37.5 (4–52.5) | 22.0 (10.8–43.0) | 16.0 (7.8–56.5) | 19.3 (12.9–52.375) | 21.3 (14.1–46.6) |
| REM latency (min) | 120.3 (92.8–160.9) | 162.5** (128.5–222.0) | 105.0 (83.5–123) | 148.0 (82.5–197.5) | 114.0 (91.25–140.5) | 177.5* (135.3–211.5) | 149.3 (116.3–219.3) | 162.5 (134.5–237.5) |
| Sleep efficiency (%) | 86.0 (79.4–91.4) | 81.9 (73.9–90.6) | 87.3 (83.6–90.2) | 83.0 (70.2–91.9) | 88.6 (84.5–93.7) | 82.8 (76.05–87.4) | 84.8 (75.8–91.1) | 79.6 (69.8–91.7) |
| Wake after sleep onset (%) | 6.0 (4–13.8) | 10.5** (5.3–19.5) | 8.0 (4.0–10.0) | 9.0 (4.0–22.0) | 4.0 (2.5–13) | 10.0 (7.5–17.5) | 8.5 (4.0–17.0) | 12.0 (5.0–21.8) |
| N1 %TST | 6.9 (4.6–9.6) | 6.1 (2.7–9.4) | 5.9 (2.3–6.9) | 7.6 (3.8–13.2) | 5.2 (3.7–9.0) | 3.8 (1.4–7.5) | 7.2 (5.9–12.8) | 7.2 (3.3–10.8) |
| N2 %TST | 44.8 (40.4–47.5) | 50.5** (44.3–55.9) | 46.6 (38.5–56.9) | 50.4 (46.0–57.8) | 46.7 (45.2–48.2) | 50.6 (43.9–56.6) | 43.1 (39.8–45.1) | 50.9** (43.9–55.7) |
| N3 %TST | 28.6 (24.3–31.4) | 25.4 (19.9–33.7) | 25.0 (19.9–36.4) | 25.3 (20.6–31.5) | 26.0 (22.5–29.4) | 26.1 (20.5–34.6) | 29.4 (27.1–33.7) | 24.9 (18.9–33.5) |
| NREM sleep (%) | 80.9 (79.4–83.0) | 82.0 (77.7–88.5) | 80.8 (77.9–83.0) | 85.1 (80.6–91.1) | 80.6 (79.3–82.0) | 81.2 (78.1–86.1) | 81.9 (79.5–85.2) | 82.6 (76.8–88.8) |
| REM sleep (%) | 19.2 (17.0–20.6) | 18.0 (11.5–22.3) | 19.2 (17.0–22.1) | 14.9 (8.9–19.4) | 19.4 (18.0–20.7) | 18.8 (14.0–21.9) | 18.1 (14.8–20.6) | 17.5 (11.2–23.2) |
| PLM (TST) (events/h) | 0.0 (0.0–1.3) | 0.0 (0.0–0.5) | 0.0 (0.0–1.3) | 0.5 (0.0–1.5) | 0.6 (0.0–1.4) | 0.0 (0.0–0.7) | 0.0 (0.0–1.2) | 0.0 (0.0–0.0) |
Values are median and IQR.
*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001 DS vs TD.