. 2023 Oct 16;96(2):457–470. doi: 10.1038/s41390-023-02854-1

Table 4.

Comparison of spindle duration, number, density and intensity in children with Down syndrome and typically developing children.

Spindle type			F Slow	F Fast	F Slow and F Fast	C Slow	C Fast	C Slow and C Fast
Spindle duration
PS (N = 11)	TD	Median (Q1–Q3)	0.6 (0.5–0.6)	0.6 (0.5–0.8)	0.6 (0.5–0.6)	0.6 (0.5–0.6)	0.6 (0.5–0.7)	0.6 (0.5–0.6)
PS (N = 11)	DS	Median (Q1–Q3)	0.5 (0.5–0.6)	0.5* (0.5–0.6)	0.5* (0.5–0.6)	0.5 (0.5–0.6)	0.5 (0.5–0.6)	0.5 (0.5–0.6)
Mild OSA (N = 13)	TD	Median (Q1–Q3)	0.6 (0.5–0.6)	0.6 (0.5–0.7)	0.6 (0.5–0.6)	0.5 (0.5–0.6)	0.5 (0.5–0.7)	0.5 (0.5–0.6)
Mild OSA (N = 13)	DS	Median (Q1–Q3)	0.5*^† (0.5–0.5)	0.6 (0.5–0.6)	0.5* (0.5–0.5)	0.6 (0.5–0.6)	0.5 (0.5–0.6)	0.6 (0.5–0.6)
MS OSA (N = 20)	TD	Median (Q1–Q3)	0.6^†† (0.5–0.6)	0.6 (0.6–0.8)	0.6 (0.5–0.6)	0.6 (0.5–0.6)	0.6 (0.5–0.6)	0.6 (0.5–0.6)
MS OSA (N = 20)	DS	Median (Q1–Q3)	0.5^†‡ (0.5–0.6)	0.6 (0.5–0.6)	0.6 (0.5–0.6)	0.5 (0.5–0.6)	0.5 (0.5–0.7)	0.6 (0.5–0.6)
Spindle number
PS (N = 11)	TD	Number	716	97	813	352	91	443
	TD	Median (Q1–Q3)	64^†† (35–91)	2 (1–9)	68 (36–115)	12^† (2–40)	3 (1–22)	13 (5–57)
	DS	Number	405	73	478	641	75	716
	DS	Median (Q1–Q3)	8 (4–23)	2 (1–9)	11 (5–28)	7^†† (5–76)	3 (1–5)	9 (6–80)
Mild OSA (N = 13)	TD	Number	801	81	882	313	54	367
	TD	Median (Q1–Q3)	36^†††‡ (21–94)	2 (2–9)	38 (21–97)	12^† (4–45)	1 (1–6)	12 (5–50)
	DS	Number	220	33	253	165	11	176
	DS	Median (Q1–Q3)	7*** (1–20)	1 (0–4)	7** (2–27)	7 (1–24)	0* (0–1)	8 (2–25)
MS OSA (N = 20)	TD	Number	1092	157	1249	713	172	885
	TD	Median (Q1–Q3)	46^††† (15–58)	5 (1–8)	49 (17–62)	25^††† (9–69)	5 (1–9)	29 (11–74)
	DS	Number	758	123	881	585	74	659
	DS	Median (Q1–Q3)	17*^† (4–32)	2 (0–7)	23 (5–42)	13 (7–44)	3 (1–4)	15 (10–45)
Spindle density
PS (N = 11)	TD	Median (Q1–Q3)	0.16^†† (0.09–0.33)	0.01 (0.00–0.04)	0.20 (0.13–0.46)	0.03^† (0.01–0.16)	0.01 (0.00–0.07)	0.04 (0.02–0.26)
PS (N = 11)	DS	Median (Q1–Q3)	0.02 (0.01–0.07)	0.01 (0.01–0.03)	0.03 (0.01–0.09)	0.02^†† (0.01–0.29)	0.01 (0.0–0.02)	0.03 (0.02–0.30)
Mild OSA (N = 13)	TD	Median (Q1–Q3)	0.10^†† (0.06–0.27)	0.01 (0.00–0.03)	0.11 (0.06–0.28)	0.03 (0.01–0.14)	0.00 (0.00–0.02)	0.03 (0.02–0.15)
Mild OSA (N = 13)	DS	Median (Q1–Q3)	0.02*** (0.01–0.06)	0.01* (0.00–0.01)	0.02** (0.01–0.08)	0.02 (0.00–0.06)	0.00* (0.00–0.00)	0.03 (0.00–0.07)
MS OSA (N = 20)	TD	Median (Q1–Q3)	0.15^††† (0.05–0.23)	0.02 (0.00–0.03)	0.16 (0.05–0.25)	0.08^†† (0.03–0.22)	0.01 (0.00–0.03)	0.10 (0.04–0.24)
MS OSA (N = 20)	DS	Median (Q1–Q3)	0.06^† (0.01–0.14)	0.01 (0.00–0.02)	0.07 (0.01–0.15)	0.04^† (0.02–0.21)	0.01 (0.00–0.02)	0.05 (0.03–0.20)
Spindle intensity
PS (N = 11)	TD	Median (Q1–Q3)	0.08^†† (0.05–0.18)	0.00 (0.00–0.02)	0.13 (0.07–0.27)	0.02^† (0.01–0.10)	0.00 (0.00–0.04)	0.02 (0.01–0.14)
PS (N = 11)	DS	Median (Q1–Q3)	0.01 (0.01–0.04)	0.00 (0.00–0.01)	0.02 (0.01–0.04)	0.01^†† (0.01–0.17)	0.00 (0.00–0.01)	0.02 (0.01–0.18)
Mild OSA (N = 13)	TD	Median (Q1–Q3)	0.06^†† (0.03–0.16)	0.00 (0.00–0.02)	0.06 (0.03–0.17)	0.02 (0.01–0.08)	0.00 (0.00–0.02)	0.02 (0.01–0.09)
Mild OSA (N = 13)	DS	Median (Q1–Q3)	0.01** (0.00–0.03)	0.00 (0.00–0.01)	0.01** (0.00–0.04)	0.01 (0.00–0.03)	0.00* (0.00–0.01)	0.01 (0.00–0.04)
MS OSA (N = 20)	TD	Median (Q1–Q3)	0.08^††† (0.03–0.12)	0.01 (0.00–0.02)	0.09 (0.03–0.13)	0.05^††† (0.02–0.13)	0.01 (0.00–0.02)	0.05 (0.02–0.15)
MS OSA (N = 20)	DS	Median (Q1–Q3)	0.03^† (0.01–0.07)	0.00 (0.00–0.01)	0.04 (0.01–0.08)	0.02 (0.01–0.10)	0.00 (0.00–0.01)	0.03 (0.02–0.11)

Values are median and IQR.

*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001 TD compared to DS.

^†p < 0.05, ^††p < 0.01, ^†††p < 0.001 fast vs slow spindles.

^‡p < 0.05 frontal vs centroparietal spindles.