Table 1.
Characteristics of the study cohort
| RMDs N = 1692 | nr-ADs N = 400 | HC N = 3918 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years, mean ± SD | 29 ± 4 | 28 ± 4 | 27 ± 4 |
| Disease duration, years, mean ± SD | 7.2 ± 6 | 7.1 ± 5 | NA |
| Number (%) of individuals | |||
| Female gender | 1408 (83) | 343 (86) | 2510 (64) |
| Ethnicity | |||
| Caucasian (white) | 522 (31) | 200 (50) | 1371 (35) |
| Asian | 637 (38) | 86 (21) | 1108 (28) |
| Hispanic | 180 (11) | 59 (15) | 679 (17) |
| African American or of African origin | 106 (6) | 6 (1) | 73 (2) |
| Other/do not wish to disclose | 247 (14) | 49 (12) | 687 (17) |
| N vaccine doses received | |||
| 1 | 313 (18) | 102 (25) | 652 (17) |
| 2 | 822 (49) | 206 (52) | 2498 (64) |
| 3 | 456 (27) | 85 (21) | 696 (17) |
| 4 | 101 (6) | 7 (2) | 72 (2) |
| Vaccine type | |||
| BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) | 263 (15) | 95 (24) | 719 (18) |
| ChAdOx1nCoV-19 (Oxford/Astra Zeneca) | 85 (5) | 29 (7) | 180 (5) |
| JNJ-78436735 (Johnson & Johnson) | 13 (0.8) | 6 (1.5) | 21 (0.5) |
| mRNA-1273 (Moderna) | 65 (4) | 14 (3.5) | 78 (2) |
| NVX-CoV2373 (Novavax) | 2 (0.1) | 1 (0.3) | 1 (0.01) |
| ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (Covishield) | 100 (6) | 31 (8) | 346 (9) |
| BBV152 (Covaxin) | 23 (1.4) | 7 (2) | 66 (2) |
| Gam-COVID-Vac (Sputnik) | 10 (0.6) | 2 (0.5) | 42 (1) |
| BBIBP-CorV (Sinopharm) | 62 (4) | 58 (14) | 950 (24) |
| Others/I am not sure | 88 (5) | 18 (4) | 134 (3) |
| Disease | |||
| Inflammatory arthritis (RA, PsA, SpA) | 680 (40) | – | NA |
| Connective tissue diseases and vasculitis | 886 (52) | – | |
| Other RMD | 126 (8) | – | |
| Endocrine diseasesa | – | 295 (74) | |
| Haematological diseases | – | 15 (4) | |
| Neurological diseases | – | 33 (8) | |
| Gastrointestinal diseases | – | 29 (7) | |
| Dermatological diseases | – | 4 (1) | |
| Other nrAD | – | 24 (6) | |
| Immunosuppressive therapy prior vaccination | 1546 (91) | 85 (21) | NA |
| Glucocorticoids prior vaccination | |||
| Yes, < 10 mg a day | 552 (33) | 30 (7) | NA |
| Yes, 10 mg—20 mg a day | 150 (9) | 6 (1.5) | |
| Yes, > 20 mg a day | 52 (3) | 4 (1) | |
RMD rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases, nrADs non-rheumatic autoimmune diseases, HC healthy controls, RA rheumatoid arthritis, PsA psoriatic arthritis, SpA spondyloarthritis, SD standard deviation, NA not applicable
a257 (87%) autoimmune thyroid diseases; 33 (11%) type 1 diabetes; 5 (2%) other endocrine autoimmune diseases