Table 1.
Demographics and baseline characteristics of the study population (n = 741)
| Group 1 (n = 75) | Group 2 (n = 243) | Group 3 (n = 242) | Group 4 (n = 181) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years ± SD | 60.7 ± 8.9 | 60.9 ± 7.9 | 64.4 ± 9.4 | 66.8 ± 9.4 |
| Gender, n (%) | ||||
| Male | 34 (45.33) | 126 (51.85) | 115 (47.52) | 79 (43.65) |
| Female | 41 (54.67) | 117 (48.15) | 127 (52.48) | 102 (56.35) |
| Body mass index kg/m2 ± SD | 30.1 ± 4.6 | 29.6 ± 4.7 | 29.7 ± 4.7 | 30.6 ± 5.3 |
| Medical history and risk factors, n (%) | ||||
| Previous myocardial infarction | 22 (29.33) | 87 (35.80) | 82 (33.88) | 67 (37.02) |
| Previous revascularization | 14 (18.67) | 50 (20.58) | 44 (18.18) | 30 (16.57) |
| Hypertension | 64 (85.33) | 221 (90.95) | 234 (96.69) | 170 (93.92) |
| Diabetes | 13 (17.33) | 38 (15.64) | 54 (22.31) | 47 (25.97) |
| Heart failure | 30 (40.00) | 157 (64.61) | 163 (67.36) | 119 (65.75) |
| Current smoker | 11 (14.67) | 47 (19.34) | 35 (14.46) | 17 (9.39) |
| Obesity | 33 (44.00) | 106 (43.62) | 111 (45.87) | 90 (49.72) |
| Patients with ≥ 1 hospitalization during previous 6 months | 25 (33.33) | 50 (20.58) | 59 (24.38) | 56 (30.94) |
| Clinical parameters | ||||
| Angina attacks/week ± SD | 3.75 ± 4.63 | 5.38 ± 5.13 | 6.09 ± 6.14 | 5.63 ± 5.24 |
| Short-acting nitrate use/week ± SD | 3.31 ± 4.52 | 5.05 ± 5.31 | 5.84 ± 5.97 | 5.59 ± 4.59 |
| Systolic blood pressure, mmHg ± SD | 140.5 ± 16.0 | 143.2 ± 17.3 | 146.2 ± 16.5 | 141.8 ± 16.3 |
| Heart rate, bpm ± SD | 73.3 ± 9.9 | 73.8 ± 9.7 | 76.1 ± 10.0 | 75.2 ± 8.8 |
| Canadian cardiovascular society classification, n (%) | ||||
| Class I | 4 (5.33) | 15 (6.17) | 11 (4.55) | 5 (2.76) |
| Class II | 53 (70.67) | 160 (65.84) | 167 (69.01) | 108 (59.67) |
| Class III | 15 (2.00) | 60 (24.69) | 59 (24.38) | 62 (34.25) |
| Class IV | 1 (1.33) | 2 (0.82) | 0 (0.00) | 0 (0.00) |
| Medication, n (%) | ||||
| Beta-blockers | 72 (96.00) | 231 (95.06) | 220 (90.91) | 167 (92.27) |
| Calcium channel blockers | 21 (28.00) | 85 (34.98) | 92 (38.02) | 59 (32.60) |
| Long-acting nitrates | 14 (18.67) | 49 (20.16) | 69 (28.51) | 50 (27.62) |
| Ivabradine | 9 (12.00) | 22 (9.05) | 19 (7.85) | 19 (10.50) |
| Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors | 46 (61.33) | 154 (63.37) | 145 (59.92) | 106 (58.56) |
| Angiotensin II receptor antagonists | 16 (21.33) | 64 (26.34) | 74 (30.58) | 61 (33.70) |
| Statins | 70 (93.33) | 234 (96.30) | 230 (95.04) | 168 (92.82) |
| Aspirin | 61 (81.33) | 219 (90.12) | 206 (85.12) | 149 (82.32) |
| Clopidogrel | 18 (24.00) | 30 (12.35) | 28 (11.57) | 20 (11.05) |
| Diuretics | 36 (48.00) | 115 (47.33) | 143 (59.09) | 107 (59.12) |