Table 2.
Comparison of baseline characteristics in A) the UC and PRIME source populations based on the healthcare claims data, B) the same comparison based on the CBS data and C) the source population as a whole and the PRIME-NL questionnaire sample
| A | UC region – claims data (n = 26,250) |
PRIME region – claims data (n = 1430) |
Mean difference or odds ratio [95% CI]b | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age: mean (SD)a |
72.7 (9.1) (men 72.1 (9.1); women 73.6 (9.2)) |
73.0 (8.9) (men 72.4 (8.7); women 73.9 (9.1) |
0.3 [-0.18, 0.78] | .22 |
| Sex (men): n (%) | 15,794 (60) | 872 (61) | 1.04 [0.93, 1.15] | .54 |
| Disease duration in years: mean (SD)c | 5.3 (3.5) | 5.1 (3.5) | 0.2 [0.01, 0.39] | < .0001 |
| Participants with at least one anti-depressive or cognitive medication: n (%) | 6621 (25) | 320 (22) | 0.85 [0.75, 0.97] | .016 |
| Participants with at least one anti-anxiety medication: n (%) | 3906 (15) | 170 (12) | 0.77 [0.66, 0.91] | .002 |
| Charlson comorbidity index: mean (SD) | 2.91 (1.00) | 2.95 (0.99) | 0.04 [-0.01, 0.09] | .14 |
| Socioeconomic status (standardized): mean (SD) | -0.11 (1.1) | -0.25 (1.1) | -0.14 [-0.20, -0.08] | < .0001 |
| Participants with at least one fracture: n (%) | 940 (3.6) | 56 (3.9) | 1.10 [0.83, 1.45] | .51 |
| Participants with at least one pneumonia: n (%) | 359 (1.4) | 18 (1.3) | 0.92 [0.57, 1.48] | .73 |
| B | UC region – CBS data | PRIME region – CBS data |
|---|---|---|
| Migratory background: n (%)d | 146,895 (5.5) | 107,912 (7.0) |
| Overweight: n (%) | 1,147,860 (56.9) | 683,477 (58.2) |
| COVID-19 hospitalizations: n (%) | 13,805 (0.61) | 10,140 (0.80) |
| Smoking: n (%) | 190,114 (9.4) | 107,498 (9.2) |
| Excessive alcohol consumption: n (%) | 154,825 (7.7) | 80,192 (6.8) |
| Education: n (%)e | ||
| Primary | 2,517,444 (27.6) | 1,438,755 (31.1) |
| Secondary | 3,657,181 (40.0) | 1,870,024 (40.5) |
| Tertiary | 2,960,875 (32.4) | 1,311,749 (28.4) |
| Living situation: n (%) | ||
| Alone | 849,094 (44.1) | 416,979 (40.5) |
| With partner or child(ren) | 1,074,807 (55.9) | 612,565 (59.5) |
| C | Source population – claims data (n = 27,680) | Questionnaire sample – questionnaire data (n = 920)f | Mean difference or odds ratio [95% CI] b | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age: mean (SD) | 72.7 (9.1) | 68.4 (8.0) | -4.30 [-4.90, -3.71] | < .0001 |
| Sex (men): n (%) | 16,666 (60) | 536 (58) | 0.92 [0.81, 1.05] | .23 |
| Disease duration in years: mean (SD) | 5.3 (3.5) | 6.65 (5.3) | 1.35 [1.12, 1.59] | < .0001 |
| Participants with at least one pneumonia: n (%) | 377 (1.4) | 23 (2.5) | 1.86 [1.21, 2.84] | .004 |
aSD = standard deviation.
bCI = confidence interval. T-tests were applied on age, the Charlson comorbidity index and socioeconomic status; a Mann-Whitney U-test was used for disease duration due to non-normal distributions in both groups for Table 2A, for disease duration in Table 2C we used a t-test because of the inverse probability weighting; Chi-square tests for independence were applied on sex, participants with at least one anti-depressive or cognitive medication, participants with at least one anti-anxiety medication, participants with at least one fracture and participants with at least one pneumonia.
cDisease duration was determined by the number of years from first 501 code
dCBS data for this outcome is based on people aged > 60 years, other variables are based on people > 65 years
eCBS data for this outcome is based on people aged > 18 years, due to changes in the educational system no data was available on a provincial level for only people > 60 years
fWe included only people with PD and applied inverse probability weighting based on the sampling ratio to account for selective overrepresentation of the PRIME region participants