Table 4.

Yoga practices used in interventions that were effective for pain and/or function

Asana				Pranayama			Dhyana and Relaxation practice
Sanskrit name	English name	Broad category of yogic pose (standing, sitting, prone, supine)	Effective studies reporting use of the asana for pain and/or function	Sanskrit name	English name	Effective studies reporting use of the pranayama for pain and/or function	Sanskrit name	English name	Effective studies reporting use of the dhyana and relaxation practice for pain and/or function
Parvatasana	Mountain pose	Sitting pose	Pain [54]	Nadishuddhi pranayama	Alternate nostril breathing	Pain [55–57] Function [55–57, 63]	Nadanusandhana	OM meditation/ A,U,M and A-U-M Kara chanting	Pain [55–57] Function [55–57, 63]
Tadasana	Palm tree pose	Standing pose	Pain [55–57, 59, 60, 68] Function [55–57, 60, 68]	Vibhagıya pranayama	Sectional breathing	Function [63]	Savasana	Corpse pose	Function [63]
Ardha kati chakrasana	Half waist wheel pose	Standing pose	Pain [55–57] Function [55–57]	Brahamarı pranayama	Bee breathing	Function [63]	Salamba savasana	Supported corpse pose	Function [71]
Ardha chakrasana	Half wheel pose	Standing pose	Pain [55–57] Function [55–57]	Bhastrika pranayama	Bellows breathing	Function [63]	NR	Cyclic meditation	Function [63]
Prasarita padahastasana	Wide-legged forward bend pose	Standing pose	Pain [55–57, 71] Function [55–57, 71]	Sıtali	Rolling tongue breathing	Function [63]	NR	Mind sound resonance technique	Function [63]
Bhujangasana	Cobra pose	Prone pose	Pain [55–57] Function [55–57, 63]	Sitkarı	Folded tongue breathing	Function [63]	NR	Instant relaxation technique	Pain [55–57] Function [55–57, 63]
Shalabasana	Locust pose	Prone pose	Pain [55–57] Function [55–57, 63]	Sadanta	Clenched teeth breathing	Function [63]	NR	Deep relaxation technique	Pain [55–57] Function [55–57, 63]
Viparita karani	Legs-up-the-wall pose	Supine pose	Pain [55–57] Function [55–57]	Kapalabhati	Skull shining breathing	Function [63]	NR	Quick relaxation technique	Pain[55–57] Function[55–57, 63]
Dhanurasana	Bow pose	Prone pose	Pain [55–57] Function [55–57]	NR	Hands in and out breathing	Function [63]
Ardha titali asana	Half butterfly	Sitting pose	Pain [55–57] Function [55–57]	NR	Hands stretch breathing	Function [63]
Titali asana	Full butterfly	Sitting pose	Pain [55–57] Function [55–57]	NR	Ankle stretch breathing	Function [63]
NR	Hip rotations	Standing pose	Pain [55–57] Function [55–57]
Virabhadrasana I	Warrior I pose	Standing pose	Pain [58–60, 68] Function [60, 68]
Virabhadrasana II	Warrior II pose	Standing pose	Pain [58–60, 68] Function [60, 68]
Vrksasana	Tree pose	Standing pose	Pain [58, 70] Function [60]
Utkatasana	Chair pose	Standing pose	Pain [58, 60] Function [60]
Sukhasana	Easy pose	Sitting pose	Pain [58]
Baddha konasana	Bound angle pose	Sitting pose	Pain [58, 68] Function [68]
Upavistha Konasana	Wide-angle seated forward bend pose/straddle seat	Sitting pose	Pain [58, 71]
Ardha shalabhasana	Half locust pose	Prone pose	Pain [58, 60] Function [60]
Setu bandha sarvangasana	Bridge pose	Supine pose	Pain [58] Function [63]
Uttanasana	Standing forward bend	Standing pose	Pain [58, 60] Function [60]
NR	Hamstring stretches (exact asana NR)	Sitting pose	Pain[58]
Supta baddha konasana	Reclining bound angle pose	Supine pose	Pain [60] Function [60]
Janu sirsanana	Head-to-knee pose	Sitting pose	Pain [60] Function [60]
NR	Reclining hamstrings stretch with hip opener with strap	Supine pose	Pain [60] Function [60]
Supta matsyendrasana	Reclining twist	Supine pose	Pain [58, 60] Function [60]
Utthita trikonasana	Extended triangle pose	Standing pose	Pain [68] Function [68]
Dandasana	Stick pose or staff pose	Sitting pose	Pain [68] Function [68]
Supta padangustasana	Reclining hand-to-big-toe pose	Supine pose	Pain [68] Function [68]
Apanasana	Knee to chest pose	Supine pose	Pain [71] Function [71]
NR	Leg extensions supported squat	Standing pose	Pain [71] Function [71]
Paschimottasana	Seated forward bend	Sitting pose	Pain [71] Function [63, 71]
Bhunamanasana	Earth salutation pose	Sitting pose	Function [63]
NR	Straddle seat prep standing forward lunge	Standing pose	Pain [71] Function [71]
Anantasana/Uttanapadasana	Leg lifts	Supine pose	Pain [71] Function [71]
NR	Hip lifts	Supine pose	Pain [71] Function [71]
NR	Marching one leg balance	Sitting/standing pose	Pain[71] Function[71]
NR	Wide leg side bend	Standing pose	Pain [71] Function [71]
Skandasana	Standing side lunge	Sitting pose	Pain [71] Function [71]
Vakrasana	Twisted pose	Sitting pose	Pain [71] Function [71]
Markatasana	Lumbar stretch pose	Supine pose	Function [63]

NR: Not reported Standing pose: yoga poses practiced with one or both feet on the ground, and the body more or less upright, Sitting pose: Yoga poses practiced in seated position, Supine pose: Yoga poses practiced in sleeping position, Prone pose: Yoga poses performed with the belly or torso touching or facing the floor

The English/Sanskrit names of the yoga practices highlighted in italics are the names reported by the authors. It was unclear if these were authentic yoga practices as their standard names were not available from the literature and hence were excluded from the counting for the synthesis of content of yoga interventions